🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Kuban Delta Western Harbour Mole
Classical to Medieval (500 BCE – 1000 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Western Kuban mole of Phanagoria — timber-piled harbour at former river mouth, now silted 1–2.5 m in delta.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Central Submerged Emporium in Kerch Strait
Archaic to Late Antiquity (6th c. BCE – 500 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Roman
Central strait emporium of Patrai — transshipment mole at 2–4 m in Kerch Strait handling grain toll.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Northern Lagoon Harbour in Taman Bay
Archaic to Medieval Rus (550 BCE – 1400 CE) · Mytilenean Greek / Bosporan / Byzantine / Kievan Rus
Northern lagoon harbour of Hermonassa — rubble mole and timber causeway at 1.5–3 m in Taman lagoon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Tsemes Bay Harbour at Novorossiysk
Archaic to Late Antiquity (550 BCE – 370 CE) · Sindian / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Submerged harbour of Bata — Classical mole at 3–8 m under Novorossiysk commercial port in Tsemes Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Southern Harbour at Toretae Cape
Archaic to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 600 CE) · Toretae / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern harbour of Toricos — rubble mole and galley slipway at 2–4 m off Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape.
🇷🇺 Russia · Buried city
Phanagoria Eastern Basin – Silted Harbour Lobe at Taman (Variant Bay)
Archaic to Medieval (540 BCE – 1000 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Sarmatian / Khazar
Bosporus capital 540 BCE — eastern harbour lobe 400x200 m silted +2 m 500 m inland with 80 m mole vs western −7 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Ancient city
Arkaim
Early Andronovo / Sintashta · Sintashta (Indo-Iranian)
Sintashta fortified proto-city (c.2150–1650 BCE) — swastika-shaped double-ring settlement 170 m diameter, 60 houses sharing wall, metallurgical furnaces in each house (copper and bronze), two…