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🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Buhen Fortress Nubia Second Cataract at Nubia, Buhen, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for great fortress 150 m with moat glacis.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Ancient city
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Eastern Siem Reap Village I — Siem Reap (54-31) at Siem Reap, Cambodia is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for village and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Northern Aleppo Settlement Inner — Aleppo (53-30) at Aleppo, Syria is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 400 BCE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient city
PPNA · PPNA Jordan Valley
Tell es-Sultan Jericho PPNA Tower at Jericho, West Bank, Palestine is a PPNA ancient city of the PPNA Jordan Valley tradition, built c. 8000 BCE for 8 m ppna stone tower 9 m diam with stair.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
New Aleppo Settlement West — Aleppo (53-48) at Aleppo, Syria is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 400 BCE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Eastern Axum Citadel Central — Axum (57-24) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 400 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Late PPNB · Late PPNB Mega-site
Basta Late PPNB Town Two Storey at Ma'an, Basta, Jordan is a Late PPNB ancient city of the Late PPNB Mega-site tradition, built c. 7000 BCE for mega-site town 14 ha two-storey houses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Maron? Actually Marsa Gawasis — Pharaonic Port North Quay (Red Sea, Egypt) in Red Sea, Marsa Gawasis, Egypt is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) …
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
New Kingdom to Late Period (1479–600 BCE; peak Amenhotep III–Tut 1390–1320) · Ancient Egyptian (New Kingdom palace)
Gurob (Medinet Ghurab, ancient Mi-Wer 'Great Lake') is New Kingdom harem palace founded Thutmose III (1479 BCE) on Faiyum entrance, inhabited Amenhotep III–Ramesses II as women's palace with…
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient city
Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1500–900 BCE) · Nuragic (Middle Bronze Santu Ippolito–Late Bronze Antas)
Nuraghe Palmavera (Middle–Late Bronze Age c.1500–900 BCE) 9 km NW of Alghero by Porto Conte Bay is a two-tower nuraghe (central keep 10 m high tholos plus later 10-m bastion) with a unique meeting…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Maya Classic (Late Classic apogee) · Maya (Sa'al kingdom)
Classic Maya capital Sa'al (Naranjo) hilltop city: 32 m triadic Acropolis pyramid, hieroglyphic stairways of Lady Six Sky's wars with Tikal/Calakmul 500 BCE–950 CE.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban; Inca
Incallajta — North Kallanka Hall (Cochabamba, Bolivia) in Cochabamba, Incallajta, Bolivia is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attri…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Taxila — Sirkap North Block Dwelling (Gandhara) in Punjab, Taxila, Sirkap, Pakistan is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed …
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Persepolis — Treasury Ancillary Archive in Fars, Marvdasht, Persepolis, Iran is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bron…
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Ancient City of Tor Llyn in Oruro, Bolivia is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) ancient city attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Apamea — North Colonnade Insula (Orontes) in Hama, Apamea, Qalaat al-Madiq, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Phoenician 1100 BCE → Roman Septimian 211 CE Arch of Septimius, harbour 200 CE Severan 600 m lighthouse 35 m high · Phoenician Leptis (Neapolis) → Roman Septimius Severus hometown (Emperor 193 CE) harbour built hometown glory
Leptis Magna harbour Italian 1920s, Severus hometown 200.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Neolithic to Persian (c.5000–400 BCE; peak Judah fortress 900–586 BCE) · Canaanite → Judahite fortress → Assyrian → Persian
Tel Lachish is the great Judahite fortress-city (second after Jerusalem), famed for 701 BCE Sennacherib siege ramp — Assyrian reliefs at Nineveh show Lachish ba...
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Aoudaghost (c. 500–1400 CE; Berber–Ghanaian citadel) · Berber (Sanhaja) / Soninke Ghanaian conquest 1055
Berber ksar on Aoukar dune edge, Aoudaghost West preserves citadel, mosque and cavern granaries that stored caravan millet, described by al-Bakri and Ibn Hawqal; Ghana 1055 seizure...
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Neolithic Baodun (2700–2000 BCE; walled 2500 BCE) · Baodun culture (Sichuan Chengdu Plain, Sanxingdui precursor)
Chengzishan is a Baodun culture walled town (2700–2000 BCE) — earliest walled site on the Chengdu Plain (pre-Sanxingdui), 10-ha rectangular walled settlement with rammed-earth wall.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Satavahana to Ikshvaku Late Andhra 200 BCE–400 CE · Ikshvaku / Mahayana Buddhist
Vast Ikshvaku dynasty capital and Buddhist university city (c.200–400 CE) on Krishna River, 30+ Buddhist monasteries with 9 mahastupas, Brahminical temples and Europe's largest collection of early…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Alignment-Brancaster Ancient City in Ancash, Peru is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇬🇭 Ghana · Ancient city
Bono state (c. 1200–1723 CE; sacked by Asante) · Akan (Bono / Brong)
First Akan walled capital, Bono Manso's laterite wall (1.9 km) encloses iron workshops and overlooks granite rock domes with shrine caves, sacked 1723 by Asante, memory in Techiman...
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Ancient port
Late Bronze Alasia (1600–1050 BCE) Enkomi palace 1450 BCE copper port of Alasia letters Amarna · Cypriot Alasia (Mycenaean-Cypriot Late Bronze) Amarna copper Alashiya, 1180 Sea Peoples destruction
Enkomi SCE Schaeffer 1934 Alasia 1600–1180.
