🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Yagul Archaeological Zone
Zapotec Postclassic 1250–1521 CE · Zapotec (Tlacolula valley)
Zapotec hill-fortress Palace Six Patios 1250–1400 CE, UNESCO 2010.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Yotvata Ein Ghadyan — Spice Road Caravanserai
Nabataean to Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) · Nabataean (Aretas)
Yotvata Ein Ghadyan — Spice Road Caravanserai in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean to Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) ancient-city attributed to Nabataean (Aretas).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kazel — Ancient Sumur
Middle Bronze to Iron (1900–500 BCE) · Canaanite/ Sea Peoples
Tell Kazel — Ancient Sumur in Tartus Governorate, Akkar plain, Syria is a Middle Bronze to Iron (1900–500 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite/ Sea Peoples culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Agrab Tepe
Urartian (8th–6th c. BCE; Argishti/Rusa) · Urartu
Small but classic Urartu hydraulic fortress damming a karstic spring valley NW of Khoy: cyclopean dam wall, rectangular fort, storage pithoi, Haldi-temple pebble mosaic, with red polish Urartu ware…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uzappa (Ksour Abd el Melk)
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Dorsal pass town with Byzantine fortress reusing temple blocks, forum and basilica; controls Kairouan–Gafsa road.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Bab edh-Dhra — Dead Sea Plain
Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) · EBA Jordan
Bab edh-Dhra — Dead Sea Plain in Karak Governorate, Dead Sea plain, Jordan is a Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) ancient city attributed to EBA Jordan culture.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tell Jemmeh — Yurza
Chalcolithic to Persian (4000–332 BCE) · Canaanite / Assyrian / Philistine
Tell Jemmeh — Yurza in Northern Negev, Israel is a Chalcolithic to Persian (4000–332 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite / Assyrian / Philistine.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Mozan — Urkesh Outer Town
Third millennium BCE (3500–1300 BCE) · Hurrian
Tell Mozan — Urkesh Outer Town in Hasakah Governorate, Khabur headwaters, Syria is a Third millennium BCE (3500–1300 BCE) tell attributed to Hurrian culture.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Dan — Laish / Leslie
Bronze to Iron Age (4500–733 BCE) · Canaanite/Israelite
Tel Dan — Laish / Leslie in Northern District, Upper Galilee, Israel is a Bronze to Iron Age (4500–733 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite/Israelite culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Sarab
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Tepe Sarab ware (c.7000–5000 BCE) · Zagros Neolithic (Sarab culture)
Small but culturally seminal tell near Kermanshah at Sarab pass with Braidwood 1947 type-site red-painted Sarab ware, proto-domestic goat bones, and pisé hamlets preceding Jarmo and Hassuna…
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Hazor — Upper Galilee
Bronze to Iron Age (2700–732 BCE) · Canaanite/Israelite
Tel Hazor — Upper Galilee in Northern District, Hula Valley, Israel is a Bronze to Iron Age (2700–732 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite/Israelite culture.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Mtambwe Mkuu — Pemba Island Swahili Town
Swahili (11th–16th c. CE) · Swahili
Mtambwe Mkuu — Pemba Island Swahili Town in Pemba Island, Tanzania is a Swahili (11th–16th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
İmikuşağı
Chalcolithic to Medieval (peak EB III–Urartian) · Ubaid → Kura-Araxes → EBA Keban → Urartian → Medieval
Keban Dam salvage tell on the Euphrates (Karasu) near Baskil, excavated 1970s by Veli Sevin. Famed for EB III royal cist...
🇹🇩 Chad · Ancient city
Njimi (N'jimi) – Capital of Kanem Empire
Early Islamic / Sahelian · Kanembu / Sayfawa Kanem
Dune-shrouded metropolis of Kanem (Sayfawa dynasty, 700–1380 CE) of 30,000 at lake-high stand, hub of trans-Saharan slave–gold–textile trade with Ifriqiya.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Taparura
Berber-Punic to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Punic / Roman
Berber-Punic-Roman civitas beneath Sfax with salting vats and church mosaics.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Bastam (Urartian Rusai-URU.TUR)
Urartian Late (c.685–590 BCE) · Urartian
Largest Urartian fortress (8 ha, 700 m enclosure wall, 3 km circuit) founded by Rusa II (c.685 BC) at Bastam near Qarah...
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Isin
Isin-Larsa to Old Babylonian · Sumerian-Akkadian (Isin dynasty)
Capital of Isin dynasty (2017–1794 BCE) after fall of Ur III, whose kings (Ishbi-Erra, Lipit-Ishtar with famous law code predating Hammurapi by ~150 years) tried to restore Sumerian.
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Knossos Palace
Minoan Neopalatial 1700–1450 BCE, origin 1900 BCE Old Palace · Minoan civilization
Minoan palatial maze of 1300 rooms - Labyrinth origin and Europe's first advanced palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Chuera — Steinbau Quarter
Early Bronze Age (3200–2200 BCE) · Early Jazira
Tell Chuera — Steinbau Quarter in Raqqa Governorate, Wadi Hamar, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (3200–2200 BCE) tell attributed to Early Jazira culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Mayapán Archaeological Zone
Maya Postclassic 1220–1440 CE · Maya (Cocom–League)
Walled capital 9 km wall, 4000 structures, League 1220–1440 CE.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Burna
EB to Iron Age (c.3000–600 BCE; peak Canaanite–Philistine 1600–600) · Canaanite → Philistine? → Judah (Shephelah)
Tel Burna is Shephelah unfortified town (maybe Libnah?) excavated by Itzhaq Shai/Ariel University since 2009; LB courtyard palace, Iron Judahite silos and culti...
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Lachish — Shefela
Bronze to Iron Age (1800–586 BCE) · Canaanite/Judahite
Tel Lachish — Shefela in Southern District, Shefela, Israel is a Bronze to Iron Age (1800–586 BCE) tell attributed to Canaanite/Judahite culture.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Tumbatu Ruins — Zanzibar North
Swahili (12th–14th c. CE) · Swahili
Tumbatu Ruins — Zanzibar North in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania is a Swahili (12th–14th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Swahili. Island town abandoned abruptly mid-14th c.