🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zinchecra
Iron Age Saharan (900 BCE–200 CE) · Proto-Garamantian / Garamantian
80-m black-capped mesa hillfort 900–400 BCE pre-Garamantian stone rampart enclosing 2-ha citadel.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Amnisos – Minoan Harbour of Knossos
Minoan to Byzantine (c. 2000 BCE – 6th c. CE) · Minoan / Mycenaean / Greek
Knossos' Minoan harbour at Amnisos — villa frescoes and 70 m quay now –1 to –3 m in surf below Eileithyia cave.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Río Bec
Late Classic (Río Bec style florescence) · Maya (Río Bec)
Type site for Río Bec architectural phenomenon (c.550–900 CE) — most dispersed large Classic Maya city 50 km², 6 km² core with 6+ plaza groups (A–F, Central Group Structure V-N 13...
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Nausharo
Kot Diji I (3000–2700) → Transitional II (2700–2500) → Harappan III (2500–2100 BCE) · Kot Diji / Early Harappan → Mature Harappan (Bolan culture)
Early Harappan → Mature Harappan village (c.3000–2100 BCE) 6 km south of Mehrgarh on the Bolan terrace, Balochistan — 5 ha mound excavated 1985–96 by J-F. Jarrige (French Archaeological Mission).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Kausambi (Ancient Kosambi)
Mahajanapada 600 BCE → Mauryan → Gupta 4th c CE · Vatsa Janapada → Mauryan → Sunga–Gupta (Middle Ganga)
Kausambi (Kosambi) — capital of Vatsa Mahajanapada (c.600 BCE–300 CE) on Yamuna 56 km SW Prayagraj, excavated 1949–56 by G.R. Sharma (Allahabad University).
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Rock art
Bilbao Cotzumalhuapa
Middle to Late Classic (400 – 800 CE) · Cotzumalhuapa
Bilbao Cotzumalhuapa in Escuintla, Guatemala is a Middle to Late Classic (400 – 800 CE) rock art attributed to Cotzumalhuapa culture.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Archaeological wonder
Thimlich Ohinga
Late Iron Age (15th–19th c CE) · Luo (Bantu-Luo Nilotic) / Gusii
UNESCO Luo walled town Thimlich Ohinga — 4-m dry-stone walls enclosing hill settlement.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxhá
Preclassic–Late Classic · Maya (Eastern Petén)
Lacustrine Maya city (600 BCE–900 CE) on north shore of Lake Yaxhá, with 500+ structures: North Acropolis 23 m twin pyramids, Main Plazas, South Acropolis, twin ballcourts, island...
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mitathal
Sothi → Mature → Late Harappan / OCP 3000–1500 BCE · Indus Valley (Sothi–Harappan Eastern Domain)
Key Indus Eastern Domain type-site (c.3000–1500 BCE) on the Drishadvati–Sarasvati divide at Bhiwani, Haryana — two mounds (A 23 ha citadel, B 10 ha lower town) excavated 1968 by Suraj Bhan revealing…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Towosahgy State Historic Site
Late Mississippian (Medley–Dorena phases) · Mississippian (Bootheel)
Fortified Late Mississippian center (1000–1350 CE) with 7 mounds and bastioned palisade on Bootheel terrace.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Go Thap (Óc Eo–Funan)
Óc Eo 100 BCE–300 CE → Funan 200–600 CE → Chenla 600–800 CE → Khmer influence 800–1200 · Óc Eo–Funan (pre–Angkorian Mekong hydraulic with Indianization)
Mekong Delta Óc Eo–Funan secondary city (100 BCE–600 CE) at Go Thap Tháp Mười — 400 ha with Vishnu Garuda and 20 km canal to Oc Eo.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Yautepec
Late Postclassic (Aztec/Morelos) · Aztec (Tlahuica–Xochimilca provincial)
Aztec provincial capital (1350–1521 CE) in Morelos — palace, pyramid and 150 ha town at Yautepec valley floor.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Maheshwar (Mahishmati)
Maheshwar I Chalcolithic 1400–600 BCE → II Early Historic 600 BCE–400 CE → IV Holkar 1760 CE · Maheshwar Chalcolithic → Satavahana → Holkar Maratha
Historic Mahishmati–Maheshwar city on Narmada (1400 BCE–1760 CE) — Chalcolithic below Holkar fort and Maheshwari textile loom.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Eastern Rajasthan Ridge Inner — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-38)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Eastern Rajasthan Ridge Inner — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-38) at Rajasthan, Jaipur, India is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Piedras Negras
Late Classic 400–830 CE (peak 608–808 CE, Dynasty of Piedras Negras 7 lords) · Maya (Yo’k’ib / Piedras Negras kingdom, western Petén)
Largest Classic Maya city on Guatemala's Usumacinta north bank (1,000+ structures, pyramid temples 20 m high) famous for epigraphy: Tatiana Proskouriakoff here invented phonetic Maya glyph…
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Karako–Kagi
Yayoi Early 300 BCE → Middle 100 BCE → Late 100–300 CE → Kofun transition · Yayoi (Yamato central chiefdom)
Yamato 42 ha double-moated Yayoi town (300 BCE–300 CE) at Karako–Kagi — 1.8 km moat with 107 houses and 70 Dotaku molds.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cobá
Preclassic to Postclassic 300 BCE–1450 CE (peak Classic 600–800, Terminal 800–1100) · Maya (eastern Lowlands, Sian Ka'an sphere)
Vast lowland Maya city of ~80 km² with ~6,500 structures linked by 16 white-road sacbeob (raised plaster causeways totalling 70 km, longest Sacbe 1 100 km to Yaxuná near Chichén Itzá, 10 m wide),…
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-01)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-01) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Pueblo Bonito — North Wall Ancillary (Chaco Canyon)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Pueblo Bonito — North Wall Ancillary (Chaco Canyon) in New Mexico, San Juan County, Chaco Canyon, United States is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 …
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tepecik-Çiftlik
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic (c.9000–5500 BCE) · Central Anatolian Neolithic → Early Chalcolithic
Cappadocian Neolithic tells (7 m high, 2 ha) in the Melendiz plain below Hasan Dağı obsidian sources. Excavated since 20...
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Kalibangan
Sothi / Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan 3500–1900 BCE · Indus Valley (Harappan) with Sothi antecedent
Major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization on the southern Ghaggar bank in Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, occupied from c.3500 BCE.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Dura-Europos
Hellenistic-Parthian-Roman · Seleucid → Parthian → Roman
Macedonian-Euphrates cliff city (303 BCE–256 CE) called 'Pompeii of the Desert' — garrison of Parthian-Roman frontier buried under a Roman siege embankment that preserved the world's earliest…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kestel–Göltepe Tin Mines
Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze (c.3200–1800 BCE) · EB Anatolian → Assyrian Colony period predecessors
Oldest tin mine (Kestel, 4500 m galleries, EBA) and its processing settlement Göltepe (8 ha) in the Bolkar Taurus, excav...
🇹🇯 Tajikistan · Fortress
Hulbuk
Samanid 9th c → Ghaznavid–Karakhanid 10th–12th c · Banijurid–Ghaznavid Islamic (Khatlon)
Hulbuk (Qalai Hulbuk) — Islamic palace-fortress (9th–12th c CE) 26 km west Kulob, Khatlon Yakhsu plain, excavated 1953–2010s Yakubov and Akhunov (Tajik Academy).