🇹🇯 Tajikistan · Ancient city
Penjikent (Ancient Panjakent)
Early Medieval Sogdian (5th–8th century CE) · Sogdian (easternmost Sogd)
Easternmost Sogdian Silk Road city — 13.5 ha frescoed shahristan with Rustam murals and Mount Mug letters.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Rusuccuru
Phoenicio-Punic to Medieval (5th c. BCE–16th c. CE; Roman peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Rusuccuru (modern Dellys) is a Phoenician–Roman port on Algeria's Kabyle coast, founded 5th c. BCE as Carthaginian fish-salting station.
🇨🇱 Chile · Ancient city
Shallow Ancient City
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Shallow Ancient City in Coquimbo, Chile is a Moche (100–800 CE) ancient city attributed to Moche culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Qasr Burquʿ
Late Roman/Byzantine to Umayyad · Roman/Byzantine → Umayyad Arab
Black basalt desert castle (qasr) on the shores of seasonal Burqu Lake and Roman strata — possibly Byzantine Valentinian outpost incorporated into Umayyad qusur (~700 CE) — isolated in Harra basalt…
🇹🇭 Thailand · Temple complex
Prasat Muang Singh
Khmer Bayon (late 12th–early 13th century CE, Jayavarman VII) · Khmer (westernmost Khmer outpost)
Westernmost Khmer laterite sanctuary (late 12th cent, Jayavarman VII) — 'City of Lions' on Khwae Noi 43 km west of Kanchanaburi.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
San Isidro — Muisne? Actually Cerro Jaboncillo — Manteño City
Integration (800–1532 CE) · Manteño (Manta) culture
San Isidro — Muisne? Actually Cerro Jaboncillo — Manteño City in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Integration (800–1532 CE) ancient-city attributed to Manteño (Manta) culture.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe
Iron Age (Zimbabwe Period: Great Zimbabwe 1100–1450 CE) · Ancestral Shona (Karanga)
Capital of Kingdom of Zimbabwe (11th–15th c) with dry-stone walls up to 11 m (Great Enclosure) without mortar, Hill Complex and Valley Enclosures controlling Indian Ocean gold trade.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Mundigak
Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–2000 BCE, Helmand Culture) · Helmand / Mundigak–Shahr-i Sokhta
Helmand Culture capital 55 km NW of Kandahar — 75×32 m Bronze Age palace with 10 m sequence.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Heraclea at Latmus Athena Temple — Endymion Mountain City Sanctuary
Hellenistic (300–150 BCE) foundation over Archaic · Hellenistic Lysimachan Heracleans with Karian memory
Athena peripteros 6×11 on cyclopean walled acropolis above Bafa Lake Endymion heroon.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Tell
Tell el-Farah North
Neolithic to Iron Age (c.7000–700 BCE; peak Israelite Tirzah 1000–800 BCE) · Neolithic → Chalcolithic → EB → Israelite (Tirzah, capital to 800) → Assyrian
Tell el-Farah (North) in Tirzah valley (likely biblical Tirzah, capital of Northern Israel before Samaria) with Neolithic village (Lodian) through EB, Middle Br...
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxnohcah
Middle Preclassic to Late Classic 1000 BCE–950 CE, Mirador Basin fluorescence · Maya (Mirador Basin Preclassic)
Huge Preclassic center on basin SE ridge 15 km N of Calakmul: massive E-Group (355 m platform) aligning equinox sunrise, Triadic Structure A 30 m pyramid, and Late Classic intrusive occupation after…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Afrosiab (Afrasiyab)
Achaemenid to Mongol (c.500 BCE–1220 CE, Sogdian peak 6th–8th cent CE) · Sogdian / Kushan / Islamic
Ancient Samarkand (Maracanda) — 220 ha Sogdian walled plateau with 7th-century Afrasiab murals of Eurasian envoys.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Posthole Structure Alignment North
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Iron Age
Posthole Structure Alignment North in Euphrates Valley, Syria is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Ancient city
Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura Period 377 BCE–1017 CE (peak 1st–10th c CE) · Sinhalese Theravada Buddhist (Anuradhapura Kingdom)
Sinhalese capital for 1,400 years (377 BCE–1017 CE) and great Theravada monastic center with three 4th–2nd c BCE brick dagabas among tallest premodern structures: Jetavanaramaya (originally 122 m,…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Mastuma
Early Bronze III – Iron II (to Late Roman) · Amorite/Aramaean – Luwian
Idlib plain fortified tell (2500–550 BCE) with 30-season Japanese excavation sequence.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Deltaic Buried Harbour West
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Deltaic Buried Harbour West in Euphrates Valley, Syria is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zygri
Hellenistic to Roman (3rd c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Greek / Roman
Marmarica dye harbour with Hellenistic tower and cisterns.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Island of Meroe — Archaeological Sites
Kushite Meroitic (300 BCE–350 CE) · Kushite Meroitic (Egyptianizing Nubian)
Island of Meroe is the UNESCO 1332 heartland between Nile–Atbara–Blue Nile (not true island) with 3 Kushite sacred complexes: City of Meroe (pyramids North/South cemeteries, Amun Temple), Musawwarat…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Myos Hormos — Quseir al-Qadim White Harbour Extension
Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE–400 CE) · Ptolemaic–Roman Indian Ocean port
Myos Hormos — Quseir al-Qadim White Harbour Extension in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Ptolemaic to Roman (300 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Ptolemaic–Roman Indian Ocean port.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Temple complex
Fayaz Tepe Buddhist Monastery
Kushan (1st–3rd century CE) · Kushan Buddhist
Kushan Buddhist monastery on Termez oasis — fresco hall with Alexander-processional mural (1st–3rd cent CE).
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient city
Courtyard House Complex East — Danube Plain (Bucharest)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Medieval
Courtyard House Complex East in Danube Plain, Romania is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Dalverzin Tepe
Hellenistic to Kushan (c.3rd cent BCE–4th cent CE, Kushan peak 1st–3rd cent CE) · Kushan (northern Bactria/Tokharistan)
Kushan city in Surkhan Darya valley — 25 ha walled town with Gandharan stucco Buddha workshop.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Sanghol (Ucha Pind)
Harappan to Sultanate (c.2000 BCE–16th century CE, peak 1st–6th century CE) · Harappan → Kushan → Gupta → Huna
Kushan Buddhist capital on Grand Trunk Road — 171 Mathura sculptures and Huna royal seals.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Olduvai Gorge Bed IV Site — Atlas (Marrakech)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Olduvai Gorge Bed IV Site in Atlas, Morocco is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.