🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Lambityeco
Classic Xoo 600–850 CE · Zapotec (Xoo phase, Late Classic)
Xoo-phase Zapotec salt palace with Cocijo friezes and tell de sal 140 m salt workshop for Monte Albán tribute.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Volubilis
Mauretanian to Early Islamic (3rd c BCE Berber settlement; Roman 25 BCE–285 CE; Idrisid 788 CE) · Mauretanian / Roman / Berber / Early Islamic (Idrisid)
Roman Mauretania Tingitana capital with 42 ha walled city, Volubilis preserves 2nd–3rd c town: Decumanus Maximus 400 m, Forum, Capitol, Basilica, Arch of Caracalla (217 CE erected for Caracalla and…
🇸🇪 Sweden · Ancient city
Hovgården on Adelsö – Birka Royal Estate
Vendel Period to Middle Ages (c.600–1279 CE) · Scandinavian Viking Age to Medieval
Royal estate on Adelsö opposite Birka, with thing mound (Skansberget), harbour, cemetery and ruins of Magnus Ladulås' brick palace Alsnö Hus (1279).
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Nebelivka
Trypillia B2–C1 · Cucuteni-Trypillia
Cucuteni-Trypillia mega-site (approx 4100–3600 BCE, 260–300 ha, 1,000+ mapped houses) renowned for the burnt temple mega-structure (60×20 m, 1,200 m²) with seven altars, painted vessels, and a clay…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Susa
Neolithic to Medieval (c.4200 BCE–1218 CE; Elamite capital c.2700–646 BCE; Achaemenid palace 522–331 BCE) · Elamite / Persian Achaemenid / Seleucid / Parthian / Sassanian
Elamite capital then Achaemenid administrative capital (Darius I, 522 BCE), Susa preserves mound sequence from 4200 BCE: Apadana of Darius (36 limestone columns, glazed brick friezes of Immortals and…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Archaeological wonder
Dadan – Kingdom of Lihyan at AlUla
Iron Age to Classical (800 BCE – 100 CE) · Dedanite / Lihyanite (North Arabian)
Twin tells of Umm Daraj and Al-Khuraiba flanking the AlUla oasis, whose cliffs hide the rock-cut Lion Tombs – two unfinished effigies of couchant lions only 4 m long, unique in Arabia.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Rupnagar (Ropar)
Harappan to Medieval (c.3300 BCE–16th century CE) · Harappan → PGW → NBPW → Kushan → Gupta
First post-Independence Harappan excavation (1953) — 5000-year sequence from Harappan to medieval Punjab.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Talianki
Trypillia C1 (Cucuteni B2) · Cucuteni-Trypillia (Trypillia mega-site phenomenon)
Cucuteni-Trypillia mega-settlement (c.3850–3700 BCE, 450 ha, perhaps 15,000 inhabitants) — largest city in Europe at that time, larger than Uruk contemporary — with concentric burnt houses (2,700…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Alamgirpur
Late Harappan (c.3300–1300 BCE, easternmost Harappan) · Harappan–Bara
Easternmost Indus Valley site (Parasaram-ka-Khera) — Harappan frontier on Hindon/Ganga Doab.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Shortugai
Mature Harappan (c.2500–1800 BCE) · Harappan colony (Indus diaspora on Oxus)
Northernmost Harappan colony on Oxus (Darqad) — lapis procurement hub 250 km from Badakhshan mines.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kurganzol Fortress
Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian (c.3rd–2nd cent BCE) · Greco-Bactrian
Greco-Bactrian hilltop watch-post visually linked to Uzundara — frontier limes above Kugitang valley.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Thubunae (Barika) – Hodna Basin Fort
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Numidia)
Southernmost Numidian walled town 32 ha facing Hodna chott, Thubunae dominates Sahara margin with 1.8 km circuit and Donatist basilica; 411 Conference bishop list.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Aquae Calidae (Hammam Righa)
Roman (Augustan to Byzantine, 27 BCE–7th c. CE) · Mauretanian / Roman
Sulphur spa city with 8-pool bath complex and mansio hotel.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Nessana — Byzantine Church Annex Papyri
Nabataean–Byzantine (100 BCE–636 CE) papyri archive · Nabataean then Byzantine (Nessana)
Nessana — Byzantine Church Annex Papyri in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean–Byzantine (100 BCE–636 CE) papyri archive ancient-city attributed to Nabataean then Byzantine (Nessana).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Yayno — Huari Fortified City
Middle Horizon / Early Intermediate (400–800 CE) · Recuay / Wari influenced
Yayno — Huari Fortified City in Ancash Region, Peru is a Middle Horizon / Early Intermediate (400–800 CE) ancient-city attributed to Recuay / Wari influenced. Largest fort in Americas?
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Didyma Eastern Temenos — Apollo Temple Sacred Precinct
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 250 CE) · Milesian Greek to Hellenistic Seleucid to Roman
Eastern hypaethral adyton with sacred spring and stadium of Branchidae oracle.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Karanpura
Early to Mature Harappan (c.3300–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Drishadvati Harappan town 60 km west of Hisar — fortified Early Harappan to planned Mature grid.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Volubilis Olive Press Complex West — Great Zimbabwe (Masvingo)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Bronze Age
Volubilis Olive Press Complex West in Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Tichitt — Stone Walled Village Cliff Neo-Sahara
Neolithic agro-pastoral (2000–500 BCE Tichitt Tradition) · Tichitt Tradition (Soninke antecedent, Ghana Empire ancestor)
Tichitt excavated by Munson 1971, 400 Dhar sites 2000–500 BCE, Ghana Empire antecedent, UNESCO tentative.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) – Cyrenaican Harbour Town
Hadrianic to Byzantine (125 CE – 7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Cyrenaica)
Hadrian's Cyrenaican harbour foundation with mole, basilica and cisterns, linking Pentapolis coastal road; Synesius epistles mention bishop.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park
Swift Creek–Weeden Island 350–750 CE · Swift Creek – Weeden Island
Woodland Mound A 17 m, Swift Creek 350–750 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Lindenmeier Paleo Site — Mississippi Valley (St Louis)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Lindenmeier Paleo Site in Mississippi Valley, United States is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cacaxtla-Xochitécatl Archaeological Zone
Epiclassic 650–900 CE · Olmeca-Xicalanca
Epiclassic painted citadel Battle Mural 22 m, 700–800 CE.