🇴🇲 Oman · Fortress
Dock Fortress
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Dock Fortress in Dhofar, Oman is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) fortress attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Tra Kieu Lion Citadel — Simhapura
Champa early capital (4th–8th c. CE) · Cham (Simhapura)
Tra Kieu Lion Citadel — Simhapura in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam is a Champa early capital (4th–8th c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Cham (Simhapura).
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Barca — Medieval Islamic Fortified Citadel Plateau
Greek Barca 560 BCE → Byzantine → Arab Barca medieval capital 640–1150 CE · Greek Barca → Arab Barqah capital of Cyrenaica Emirate 640 CE
Barca surveyed Goodchild, Barca Greek to Arab.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Old Jarma — Medieval Citadel over Garama
Garamantian to Early Islamic (500 BCE–1500 CE layered) · Garamantian → Arab Jarma
Jarma excavated by Daniels, Islamic layered above Garamantian capital mound.
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Citadel of Garh Strath
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Citadel of Garh Strath in Homs Governorate, Syria is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) fortress attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Fortress
Shallow Fortress
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Shallow Fortress in County Kerry, Ireland is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) fortress attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇮🇳 India · Fortress
Fortress of Midfield Henge
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Fortress of Midfield Henge in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) fortress attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Fortress
Ghat-Mazar Ridge Fortress
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Ghat-Mazar Ridge Fortress in Chiapas, Mexico is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) fortress attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Fortress
Fortress of Harbor Grimston
Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) · Roman
Fortress of Harbor Grimston in Catamarca, Argentina is a Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) fortress attributed to Roman culture.