🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Grand Village of the Natchez
Plaquemine to Historic Natchez (1200–1730 CE) · Plaquemine / Natchez (Muskogean)
Natchez historic capital (1200–1730 CE) — 3 Plaquemine mounds and plaza where French witnessed 1725 sacrifice.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez Cerro Tatara Geoglyphs (Tatara Hillside Panels)
Formative (400 BCE–650 CE) · Alto Ramírez
Steep 18° north-facing hillside on Cerro Tatara promontory at km 55, commanding 6 km Lluta floodplain view.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Stonehenge Cursus — South Avenue Bank & Ditch
Neolithic to Mississippian (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Neolithic / Woodland
Stonehenge Cursus — South Avenue Bank & Ditch in England, Wiltshire, Salisbury Plain, United Kingdom is a Neolithic to Mississippian (3000 BCE–1400 CE) ear…
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez Pampa El Muerto Geoglyphs (El Muerto Plain)
Late Archaic–Formative (1000 BCE–500 CE) · Alto Ramírez
Flat pampa surface (1,350 m) 8 km east of classic km 60 Alto Ramírez slope, with extensive pavement (gobi texture).
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur Southeast Dune Geoglyphs (Dune-Edge Corridor)
Late Formative to Late Intermediate (500–1200 CE) · Atacama caravan
Southeast margin of Salar del Sur where transverse dunes abut playa fringe (2,300 m). Thirteen figures on compact gypscrete between dunes: 40-m ladder, 22-m feline, and 90-m paired avenues (2.0 m…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Dam
Sabaean Kingdom, Early South Arabian (~1750 BCE – 570 CE) · Sabaean (South Arabian, Kingdom of Saba)
Earthfill diversion dam spanning the Wadi Adhanah and flanked by the limestone North and South Sluices with Sabaean monumental inscriptions.
🇪🇸 Spain · Geoglyph
Geoglyphs of Kuma Willoughby
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Geoglyphs of Kuma Willoughby in Andalusia, Spain is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Chavín de Huántar Plaza South — Colorado Plateau (Flagstaff)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Iron Age
Chavín de Huántar Plaza South in Colorado Plateau, United States is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) earthwork attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Earthwork
Monamalala — Tana Delta Mound (Gelegole remnant?)
Swahili–Pokomo (10th–16th c. CE) · Pokomo–Swahili
Monamalala — Tana Delta Mound (Gelegole remnant?) in Tana River County, Kenya is a Swahili–Pokomo (10th–16th c. CE) earthwork attributed to Pokomo–Swahili.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Lake Dourada Causeway Cluster K15
Xinguano 800–1600 CE (late pre-Columbian Amazon) · Xinguano (Arawak, ancestral Kuikuro)
Eastern Kuhikugu causeway-plaza K15 — 220 m plaza with 20 m causeways linking to fish weir, 2.8 km east of X11.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi Al-Qattafi South Mesa Chain Kites (Southern Basalt Mesas Qattafi)
PPNB Late to Late Neolithic (7200–5000 BCE) · Qattafi basin pastoral trappers (Wadi al-Qattafi group)
10 south mesa kites 695 m: 320–780 m walls using 40% natural escarpment as barrier, mesa-lee pens with burial cairn cutting wall.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur Central Playa Isle Geoglyphs (Salt Flat Island Figures)
Late Intermediate (Atacameño 900–1400 CE) · Atacameño Likan Antai Sur-crossing caravans
14 halite-island figures on Sur central playa 2280 m: camelids + bisected arrow on gypsum isle amid brine sheet.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez West Quebrada Cardones Geoglyphs (Cardones Ravine Terraces)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Alto Ramírez–Cabuza 600–1100 CE) · Lluta Alto Ramírez–Cabuza–Maitas
27 western Cardones ravine figures 3.5 km from Lluta confluence: bow-legged giants plus feline and trapezoid avenue to puquios.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Quebrada de Camiña Geoglyphs (Camiña Precordillera)
Middle to Late Intermediate (Camiña) · Camiña–Camiña culture (highland enclave)
Precordillera hillside geoglyphs at Camiña: 16 ladder-body figures linking Nama petroglyphs to valley terraces.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa La Portada Geoglyphs (Eastern Extension)
Formative to Late Intermediate (Alto Ramírez–San Miguel) · Azapa–Cabuza agropastoralists
Eastern Azapa extension at La Portada pass: 18 additive cobble figures beyond Cerro Sombrero.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Harrat Uthaib Mustatil–Kite Hybrid Field (Tabuk South)
Late Neolithic (Arabian) · Uthaib lava-field hunter-ceremonialists
Hybrid of 18 mustatils and 8 kites stratigraphically entangled on Harrat Uthaib lava south of Tabuk.
🇴🇲 Oman · Earthwork
Jebel Qara Desert Kites
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, Qara Neolithic · Dhofar Neolithic pastoral-hunter groups
18 Neolithic limestone desert kites (4600-3800 BCE) on Dhofar's Jebel Qara, southernmost kite province at monsoon escarpment.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Tayma Mustatil Field
Neolithic, Arabian Late Neolithic 5200-5000 BCE · North Arabian Late Neolithic pastoralists
12 Neolithic mustatil ritual enclosures (5000-5200 BCE) on Tayma sabkha margin with causeway gates aligned to Jebel Ghunaym.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Khaybar North Mustatil Corridor (Harrat Khaybar Northern Margin)
Late Neolithic Arabian · North Khaybar pastoral ceremonialists
Northern Khaybar mustatil line: 22 early Neolithic ritual platforms along 8.4 km lava–sandstone beach ridge.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Valley Geoglyphs
Formative Alto Ramirez to Late Intermediate San Miguel · Azapa (Alto Ramirez, Cabuza, San Miguel)
40+ Azapa Valley terrace geoglyphs (500 BCE-1350 CE) viewed at short range, bridging Formative to Late Intermediate.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Plaza Cluster K10 at Seki Lake East (Xingu East)
Late Pre-Columbian (800–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Eastern plaza K10 of Kuhikugu cluster on Seki East — 12 ha plaza with ditch and 1.2 km causeway.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Lluta Mid-Valley Geoglyphs (Molinos – Rosario Sector)
Late Intermediate (Cabza) · Lluta–Azapa agriculturalists
Mid-Lluta terrace geoglyphs between Poconchile and Molinos: 27 figures on fluvial benches below Alto Ramírez.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre — Capixaba Ramal Geoglyphs Phase West (Western Acre Ramal)
Early to Late Pre-Columbian (400 BCE – 1000 CE) · Acre geoglyph culture / Arawak
Western Ramal triple geoglyph at Capixaba — 3× 120 m squares with 700 m avenue at –10.05S.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cantona
Epiclassic to Early Postclassic 600–1100 CE (peak 600–950 CE, Teotihuacan–Tula interstice) · Unclassified central Mexican (earlier linked to early Nahua/Chichimeca? distinctive not Teotihuacan nor Toltec)
Largest pre-Hispanic city on Mexican highlands by area and most elaborate urban fortification: 12 km² (1,215 ha) city on 500 m-wavy basaltic lava field (malpaís) with 7,500+ patios, 24 ballcourts…