🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Rock Hawk Effigy Mound
Woodland–Archaic 1000 BCE–1000 CE · Woodland peoples
30-m quartz hawk effigy on Oconee River, paired with Rock Eagle.
🇦🇺 Australia · Archaeological wonder
Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
Gunditjmara continuous 6,600–6,000 BCE to present (dated 6,700 BP Muldoon trap) · Gunditjmara Aboriginal Australian
Gunditjmara aquaculture over 6,600 years on Budj Bim basalt lava flow (30,000-year-old volcano) with 750 m of stone channels, weirs and eel traps (kooyang) manipulating Lake Condah wetlands.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Jaketown Site
Late Archaic–Poverty Point ca. 1700–1500 BCE · Poverty Point culture (Jaketown phase)
8-mound Poverty Point–related center, 1700–1500 BCE.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Rim and Mai Hills
Kanem-Bornu to Kano (13th–18th c.) · Kanuri / Hausa
Paired frontier hills with 3 km refuge walls and indigo pits (50).
🇸🇪 Sweden · Earthwork
Torsburgen Hillfort (Gotland)
Early Iron Age to Viking Age (c.300 BCE–1100 CE) · Gotlandic Iron Age / Viking Age
Largest hillfort in Scandinavia at 1.2 km² plateau fortified by 2 km limestone wall across the narrow neck of a 67 m high limestone plateau.
🇦🇺 Australia · Earthwork
Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu)
Aboriginal estimated 40,000 BP to historical (continuous); documented >3,000 years · Ngemba / Murrawarri / Ualkay Aboriginal
Estimated 40,000-year-old stone weir complex on Barwon River comprising four traps across 500 m with crescent stone walls 2.5 m high guiding fish into pens, attributed to ancestral creation being…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kurganzol Fortress
Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian (c.3rd–2nd cent BCE) · Greco-Bactrian
Greco-Bactrian hilltop watch-post visually linked to Uzundara — frontier limes above Kugitang valley.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Temple Terrace Americas 92 — Mexico Region 8
Period Classical · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Temple Terrace Americas 92 — Mexico Region 8 in Mexico Region 8, Mexico is a Neolithic earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇷🇺 Russia · Hillfort
Mesa Verde Cold Storage Pit South — South Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic
Mesa Verde Cold Storage Pit South in South Siberia, Russia is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) hillfort attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Earthwork
Stone Circle Ridge Americas 50 — Peru Region 2
Period Medieval · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Stone Circle Ridge Americas 50 — Peru Region 2 in Peru Region 2, Peru is a Neolithic earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Letchworth-Love Mounds Archaeological State Park
Woodland Weeden Island 200–800 CE · Weeden Island (Swift Creek)
14 m platform mound, largest Woodland mound in Florida, 200–800 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Miamisburg Mound
Early Woodland Adena 1000–200 BCE · Adena
Second-largest conical mound in Ohio (65 ft/20 m high, 877 ft circumference) and tallest surviving Adena mound, preserved at Miamisburg Mound State Park.
🇨🇦 Canada · Earthwork
Buried Street Grid Americas 2 — Canada Region 2
Period Bronze Age · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Buried Street Grid Americas 2 — Canada Region 2 in Canada Region 2, Canada is a Bronze Age earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park
Swift Creek–Weeden Island 350–750 CE · Swift Creek – Weeden Island
Woodland Mound A 17 m, Swift Creek 350–750 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Anderson Mounds
Middle Woodland Hopewell–Adena 250 BCE–200 CE · Hopewell tradition (Adena antecedent)
Hopewell circular enclosure and Great Mound, 250 BCE–200 CE.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Earthwork
Meroe Northern Cemetery Pyramid — Rift Valley (Nairobi)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Meroe Northern Cemetery Pyramid in Rift Valley, Kenya is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) earthwork attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Barnes Works
Middle Woodland Hopewell 100 BCE–500 CE · Hopewell
Immense Hopewell enclosure 12 ha west of Bainbridge: square (280 m side) attached to circle (320 m diameter) via parallel walls, with ditch-and-embankment 1.5 m high.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hontoon Island Mounds
St Johns I–II 1000 BCE–1500 CE · St Johns (Mayaou Timucua)
Shell-midden island famous for 6 m buried wooden owl totem (600 CE) and snail-shell ridges.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Chavín de Huántar Plaza South — Amazonas (Manaus)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Chavín de Huántar Plaza South in Amazonas, Brazil is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Geoglyph
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East — South Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East in South Siberia, Russia is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) geoglyph attributed to Classical culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Chambered Cairn Hill Americas 8 — Mexico Region 8
Period Neolithic · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Chambered Cairn Hill Americas 8 — Mexico Region 8 in Mexico Region 8, Mexico is a Iron Age earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇵🇪 Peru · Earthwork
Chan Chan Citadel West — Andean Highlands (Cusco)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Medieval
Chan Chan Citadel West in Andean Highlands, Peru is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Medieval culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mann Site
Middle Woodland Hopewell 100 BCE–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
Hopewell ceremonial village on Ohio/Wabash, 100 BCE–400 CE.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Hillfort Rampart Americas 37 — Brazil Region 1
Period Classical · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Hillfort Rampart Americas 37 — Brazil Region 1 in Brazil Region 1, Brazil is a Iron Age earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.