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The catalogue
62 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Inner Great Zimbabwe Necropolis West — Great Zimbabwe (57-37) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Classical (regional) · Classical
Southern Great Zimbabwe Village East — Great Zimbabwe (57-15) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Royal Great Zimbabwe Terrace Outer — Great Zimbabwe (57-35) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Sacred Great Zimbabwe Ridge North — Great Zimbabwe (57-08) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Djenné-Jeno Temple Central — Djenné-Jeno (57-47) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 200 CE for temple and associated settlement.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Hillfort
Late Chalcolithic Trypillia C1–C2 (3600–3400 BCE) Galicia · Cucuteni-Trypillia C1 Galicia–Podolia (Usatovo contact)
Monastyrok — Trypillia C1 hillfort (c.3600–3400 BCE, 3 ha, fortified promontory) on Seret River above Dniester, Chortkiv, Galicia–Podolia.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Classical (regional) · Classical
Eastern Axum Mound Inner — Axum (57-04) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortified settlement
Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) · Late Bronze fortified
Heuneburg — Outer Settlement Quartier Southwest in Baden-Württemberg, Herbertingen, Germany is a Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) fortified settlemen…
🇦🇹 Austria · Hillfort
Urnfield to Medieval, peak 9th–10th century (Great Moravian fringe) · Great Moravian / Bavarian–Carolingian borderland
Large fortified hilltop at Thunau am Kamp (Gars) 25 km north of Danube (80 km NW Vienna), with 33 ha plateau, multiple ramparts ( Iron Age core revived late 9th c as 4 ha Slavic fort), associated…
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient village
Precucuteni III to Cucuteni A3 (5200–4300 BCE) · Precucuteni → Cucuteni–Tripolye A (Cucuteni A)
Cucuteni A ditch-fort 4700 BCE — 20 burnt houses palisaded (Dumitrescu).
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Tell
Late Bronze to Early Iron (c.1500–500 BCE; Yaz I–III Iron 1200–500, Achaemenid Yaz III) · Margiana (BMAC) → Yaz I (Early Iron handmade) → Yaz II–III (Median–Achaemenid)
Yaz Depe in Murghab delta is type-site of Yaz I–III Iron culture (c.1200–500 BCE) — Early Iron fortified village with handmade painted Yaz ware, successor to BM...
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Ancient village
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic · Hamangia / Varna
Chalcolithic fortified salt-production centre (c. 5500–4200 BCE), Europe's oldest salt works and fortified settlement, with massive stone walls 3 m thick, brine evaporation installations and tumulus…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Late Iron Age Selian 9th–13th c Selonia (Baltic) Livonian horizon · Selian Baltic (Sēļi) — Selonia tribe between Latgals and Semigals
Sēlpils (Selburg, Selian *Sēlija*) — Selian tribal hillfort (Late Iron Age 9th–13th c, Livonian 1208 burning, Order stone castle 1373) on Daugava right bank 15 km south Jēkabpils opposite Staburags…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Late Iron Age Baltic 10th–13th c Livonian Crusade horizon · Latgallian–Semigallian Baltic (Daugava chain, Henry 1208)
Asote — Latgallian–Semigallian hillfort (Late Iron Age 10th–13th c, Livonian Crusade destruction 1208/1215) on Daugava left bank near Gostiņi 10 km west Jēkabpils, Central Latvia.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mauryan 3rd c BCE → Satavahana 1st c BCE–2nd c CE · Mauryan→ Satavahana Deccan — Wainganga basin
Pauni Wainganga Fortified Settlement — Mauryan–Satavahana fortified city (3rd c BCE–2nd c CE) on Wainganga River at Pauni, excavated 1969–70 by S.B. Deo and later Bhilai–Nagpur University.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Early Medieval Great Moravia 600–907 (peak 830–907) · Great Moravian Slavs (Veligrad hypothesis; Mojmirid)
Mikulčice-Valy — largest Great Moravian agglomeration (6th–10th c, peak Veligrad phase 830–907) on Morava floodplain at Slovak border, 30–50 ha fortified core + suburbs 150 ha.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Early Medieval Slavic Viking Age 750–900 · Slavic Rani (Rujaner) principality — Rugian Slavs
Ralswiek — Slavic Rani princely port-emporium (c.750–850 CE peak, with 8th c predecessor and 9th–10th c princely hall) on Großer Jasmunder Bodden isthmus, Rügen, controlling lagoon–Bay of Greifswald…
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Early Medieval Great Moravia 780–907 (Mojmirid) · Great Moravian Slavs (Mojmirid dynasty, Carolingian imports)
Pohansko — Great Moravian agglomeration (late 8th–10th c, peak 830–900) 3 km south Břeclav at Dyje–Morava confluence, 28 ha central fort + 2 suburbs = 50 ha total.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Inner Great Zimbabwe Enclosure Outer — Great Zimbabwe (57-14) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Great Great Zimbabwe Reservoir I — Great Zimbabwe (57-46) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Chalcolithic · Los Millares culture
Los Millares Fortified Settlement at Andalusia, Almería, Spain is a Chalcolithic ancient village of the Los Millares culture tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Classical (regional) · Classical
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Enclosure East — Djenné-Jeno (57-07) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Eastern Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-23) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Djenné-Jeno Terrace North — Djenné-Jeno (57-19) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 1200 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
