🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Qasr Ibrim Fortress Nubia Island
Iron Age to Medieval · Meroitic / Nubian
Qasr Ibrim Fortress Nubia Island at Nubia, Qasr Ibrim, Egypt is a Iron Age to Medieval ancient city of the Meroitic / Nubian tradition, built c.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Uronarti Fort Island Nubia
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Uronarti Fort Island Nubia at Nubia, Uronarti Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Royal Eridu Hilltop South — Eridu (53-34)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Royal Eridu Hilltop South — Eridu (53-34) at Eridu, Iraq is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 400 BCE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Askut Fort Island Supply Base
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Askut Fort Island Supply Base at Nubia, Askut Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for island fort-supply base 77×52 m.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27) at Meroe, Sudan is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Northern Aleppo Citadel Inner — Aleppo (53-32)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Northern Aleppo Citadel Inner — Aleppo (53-32) at Aleppo, Syria is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Royal Aleppo Fortress South — Aleppo (53-25)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Royal Aleppo Fortress South — Aleppo (53-25) at Aleppo, Syria is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Marcahuamachuco
Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon (400 – 800 CE) · Huamachuco / Wari-related
Marcahuamachuco in La Libertad, Peru is a Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon (400 – 800 CE) ancient city attributed to Huamachuco / Wari-related culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Mirgissa Fortress Nubia Harbour
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Mirgissa Fortress Nubia Harbour at Nubia, Mirgissa, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for huge fortress 100×80 m with harbour slipway.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Lower Meroe Temple East — Meroe (53-21)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Lower Meroe Temple East — Meroe (53-21) at Meroe, Sudan is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c. 800 BCE for temple and associated settlement.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Altava (Ouled Mimoun) – Mauretanian Frontier
Roman to Vandal–Mauretanian Kingdom (1st c – 7th c CE) · Roman / Mauretanian–Berber kingdom of Altava
Most westerly Roman castrum in Algeria, Altava became 6th c Mauretanian kingdom capital of chieftain Masuna rex gentium Mauraorum, with Latin church inscriptions documenting Romano...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Tell Heboua Frontier Fort Ways of Horus
Second Intermediate to New Kingdom · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian
Tell Heboua Frontier Fort Ways of Horus at Sinai, Tell Heboua, Egypt is a Second Intermediate to New Kingdom ancient city of the Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian tradition, built c.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Northern Aleppo Settlement Inner — Aleppo (53-30)
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Northern Aleppo Settlement Inner — Aleppo (53-30) at Aleppo, Syria is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 400 BCE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
New Aleppo Settlement West — Aleppo (53-48)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
New Aleppo Settlement West — Aleppo (53-48) at Aleppo, Syria is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 400 BCE for settlement and associated settlement.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Western Eridu Mound I — Eridu (53-37)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Western Eridu Mound I — Eridu (53-37) at Eridu, Iraq is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Tegdaoust (Aoudaghost) West Ksar
Aoudaghost (c. 500–1400 CE; Berber–Ghanaian citadel) · Berber (Sanhaja) / Soninke Ghanaian conquest 1055
Berber ksar on Aoukar dune edge, Aoudaghost West preserves citadel, mosque and cavern granaries that stored caravan millet, described by al-Bakri and Ibn Hawqal; Ghana 1055 seizure...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uzappa (Ksour Abd el Melk)
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Dorsal pass town with Byzantine fortress reusing temple blocks, forum and basilica; controls Kairouan–Gafsa road.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress
Garamantian (500 BCE–600 CE) capital; foggara peak 200 BCE · Garamantian (Berber Saharan state)
Germa excavated by Daniels 1970s and Mattingly 1990s, foggaras 5th c. BCE, 100k tumuli field nearby.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Helorus — Syracusan Outpost
Archaic to Roman (700 BCE–200 CE) · Syracusan
Helorus — Syracusan Outpost in Sicily, Greece is a Archaic to Roman (700 BCE–200 CE) ancient-city attributed to Syracusan.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thelepte (Feriana / Medinet el-Kdima)
Roman to Byzantine (1st c CE – 7th c CE; colonia under Trajan) · Roman / Byzantine (Byzacena)
Byzacena road city at Sahara edge, Thelepte flourished as Byzantine dux capital with massive fortress (1.2 km circuit) built from Roman spolia, two basilicas with mosaics, baths an...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Paraetonium (Marsa Matruh) – Lagoon Fortress
Pharaonic to Byzantine (New Kingdom – 7th c CE; Ptolemaic port 300 BCE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Egypt's western gate on Mediterranean lagoon, Paraetonium began as Ramesses II's western chain fort, then great Ptolemaic lagoon port with Alexander–Cleopatra stopover tradition; l...
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Muṣaṣir (Mudjesir)
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) · Hurro-Urartian
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) ancient-city of Hurro-Urartian in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Sidekan (c.1000 BCE).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Buhen Fortress Nubia Second Cataract
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Buhen Fortress Nubia Second Cataract at Nubia, Buhen, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for great fortress 150 m with moat glacis.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Mascula (Khenchela) – Aurès Road Station
Roman (1st–7th c CE; colony under Trajan) · Roman (Numidia)
Mountain road colony with large baths fed by Aurès springs, arch of Caracalla and Byzantine chapel, on Theveste–Lambaesis road.