🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Oylum Höyük Lower Town
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4000 BCE–1400 CE) · North Syrian → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Islamic
Oylum Höyük Lower Town is the 30-ha extra-mural city wrapping the 20-m citadel on the Kilis plain.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Dokki Gel Sacred City at Kerma South
Early Kerma to Classic Kerma (Ancient Kerma 2500 BCE to Classic 1700 BCE, peak 2000–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Nubian, pre-Kushite)
Completely buried sacred city 1.5 km south of Kerma Western Deffufa, discovered by Bonnet-Honegger Swiss mission 2003 with magnetometry: 250×200 m oval enclosure with palisade, ditch, and 13…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Erbaba Höyük
Late Neolithic (Hacilar I equivalent) · Beyşehir-Hacilar transition
Late Neolithic lakeside tell (c.6400–6000 BCE, with Chalcolithic reuse c.5500 BCE) on Beyşehir Lake terrace, excavated 1969–71 by Bordaz & Alpes team and later re-studied by Steadman/Arbuckle.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Oylum Höyük
Late Chalcolithic through Medieval; EBA III, MBA II, Hittite, Neo-Hittite, Assyrian · Syro-Anatolian; EBA Islahiye cluster → Hittite sphere → Neo-Hittite/Assyrian
37-m high Kilis plain tell (460×370 m) with EBA–Hittite–Neo-Hittite town and 30 ha buried lower town — frontier type-site.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Mezraa-Teleilat Pre-Pottery Levels
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Early Bronze (10500–3000 BCE) · PPNA–PPNB → Halaf → Ubaid → Uruk
Mezraa-Teleilat Pre-Pottery Levels are the basal 6 m beneath the Halaf–Ubaid mound on the Euphrates left bank 5 km south of Birecik.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Gedikli Karahöyük
Early Bronze Age I–III through Middle Bronze Age (c.3000–1500 BCE) · Islahiye EBA (Amanus) with Early Transcaucasian influence → Hittite
Amanus cemetery-tell with 200+ EBA pithos burials and EBA–MBA houses — Islahiye plain mortuary type-site.
🇺🇸 United States · Mound
Jonathan Creek Mound
Mississippian (Jonathan Creek phase) · Mississippian (Western Kentucky)
Western KY Mississippian village (1200–1450 CE) — 7 platform mounds on Tennessee River near Aurora.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Pyramid
Wankarani Mound-Pyramid (Highland Bolivia)
Early Horizon to Early Intermediate (Late Formative) · Wankarani (highland Altiplano)
Altiplano tell-pyramid at Wankarani — 80×60 m artificial village mound 8 m high c.1200–270 BCE at 3950 m, highest Andean mound village before Tiwanaku.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Kuruçay Höyük
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic to Early Bronze · Hacilar-Kuruçay-Beycesultan sequence
Neolithic to Early Bronze lakeside tell with 13 levels (c.6200–3800 BCE, + EBA), bridging Hacilar (Level 6 early pottery) to Chalcolithic fortified town.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kazel (Sumur/Simyra)
MB → LBA Egyptian/Hittite → Iron Phoenician → Persian → Hellenistic (2000–300 BCE) · Amorite → Egyptian (Amarna) → Hittite → Phoenician
Amarna Sumur (350×325 m oval) — Egyptian garrison, Hittite destruction, Phoenician plain capital in Akkar.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Watson Brake
Middle–Late Archaic (3500–2800 BCE) · Middle Archaic Watson Brake culture
Oldest North American mound complex: 11 mounds 5400 BP enclosing oval plaza, hunter-gatherer monument without agriculture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Giricano Tepe South Lower Town
Early Bronze to Middle Bronze (3000–1550 BCE) · Ninevite V → Hurrian → Old Babylonian → Mittani
Giricano Tepe South Lower Town is the 4.2-ha south terrace below the main Early Bronze mound on the upper Tigris west of Ziyaret Tepe.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca La Florida
Initial Period to Early Horizon (2200–800 BCE) · Andean Initial Period (Rímac tradition, pre-Chavín)
Initial Period U-shaped pyramid 11 km up Rímac Valley (c.1500 BCE, 17 m high, 500 m arms).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Zeytinli Bahçe Step Trench East
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic (9700–3500 BCE) · PPN → Halaf → Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic
Zeytinli Bahçe Step Trench East is the eastern step-trench sounding of Zeytinli Bahçe on the Euphrates left bank 5 km north of Birecik — the Neolithic step-trench key from PPN (9700 BCE) to Late…
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Gumelniţa Tell
Late Chalcolithic (Karanovo VI–Gumelniţa) · Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI–Varna complex
Type-site of Gumelniţa culture (c.4700–3950 BCE, Late Chalcolithic), 4-m tell on Danube Borcea island dominating copper-trade axis: two-storey Tell houses with plastered benches, Varna-grade copper…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Eastern Deffufa at Kerma
Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Classic Kerma, Nubian)
Funerary chapel massif contemporary with Western Deffufa (Classic Kerma c.1750–1500 BCE) but funerary: 40×33 m base, 18 m high mudbrick with niche façade, central hall with wooden columns, side…
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Yarmuth (Yarmut)
Early Bronze Age II–III (c.3000–2350 BCE) with MB II and Iron I–II reuse · EBA III Canaanite urban (Proto-Canaanite) — Jordan Valley city-state network
16 ha EBA III walled palace-city (2700–2350 BCE) with Palace B2 (6000 m²) — largest EBA town in Israel (Miroschedji).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Türlü Höyük
EB I–III → MBA → LBA → Iron Age (3000–700 BCE) · Syro-Anatolian EBA (Euphrates tradition) → Amorite → Mitanni/Hittite
EB walled town (3000–2300 BCE) with 20 ha lower town — Carchemish-Aleppo plain urban gateway, Mitanni/Hittite contested.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Yarim Tepe II (Tell Afar)
Hassuna through Halaf and Ubaid (c.6000–5000 BCE); Hassuna, Samarra, Halaf early · Hassuna → Samarra–Hajji Muhammad → Halaf (Yarim Tepe facies)
Hassuna–Halaf type transition (c.6000–5000 BCE) with earliest updraft kilns and Halaf painted ware over Hassuna (Soviet Bader).
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaricoto Temple-Mound (Callejón de Huaylas)
Initial Period to Early Horizon (Kotosh–Chavín) · Kotosh / Chavín (highland)
Highland ceremonial mound at Huaricoto — 30 m Kotosh-Chavín temple c.2100–500 BCE with hearth chambers, earliest Callejón de Huaylas cult center.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kurban Höyük Dam Salvage Zone
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze (3800–2300 BCE) · Uruk → Jemdet Nasr → Ninevite V → Early Dynastic
Kurban Höyük Dam Salvage Zone is the 6-ha lower terrace on the Euphrates left bank, salvaged before Atatürk Dam raised the lake 15 m over the valley.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Nippur
Ubaid to Islamic · Sumerian → Akkadian → Babylonian → Kassite
Holy city of Sumer and Akkad, seat of Enlil (Lord Air) whose Ekur temple gave legitimacy to kingship — 'king without Nippur is no king'.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Jerf el Ahmar
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A · Mureybetian / Jerf Ahmar PPNA
Two PPNA villages (East and West, 9500–8700 BCE) on the Middle Euphrates now submerged under Lake Tishrin, famous for the earliest communal buildings with subterranean benches, decorated plaquettes…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Pueblo Pintado (Red House)
Chaco Bonito to Post-Chaco (Late Pueblo II–III) · Chaco (ancestral Pueblo) → post-Chaco San Juan
Southeasternmost Chaco great house outlier (c.1050–1120 CE, Bonito II–III) on Pintado Mesa overlooking Rio Chaco headwater — eastern gate of Chaco world.