🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Kul-chur inscription
Kul-chur inscription or Küli Čor inscription was an inscription erected in honor of a military leader called Kul Chur of the Xueyantuo. It was erected between 723 and 725.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Ordu-Baliq
Ordu-Baliq (meaning "city of the court", "city of the army"; Chinese: 窩魯朵八里), also known as Mubalik and Karabalghasun, was the capital of the Uyghur Khaganate.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa Central Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Early Bronze · Palaeolithic Kalgutinsky, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Okunev
Mid-valley of Tsagaan Salaa with Late Pleistocene bulls under Bronze elk on same boulders.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa Southwest Baga Oigor
Middle Bronze to Orkhon Turkic · Andronovo, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Turkic
Southwest lower gorge with Bronze sun-heads to Turkic tamgas gateway.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa — Baga Oigor South Valley Panels
Neolithic to Turkic (6000 BCE – 900 CE) · North Asian hunter-gatherer to Bronze Age nomad to Turkic
South tributary with deer stones and Neolithic birthing scene across 15 km.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Uushgii Ovoor (Uushigiin Övör) Deer Stone Complex
Bronze Age Khereksur/Deer Stone–Khirigsuur Complex · Mongolian Late Bronze Age pastoralists (pre-Xiongnu)
30 Bronze Age deer stones (1400–700 BCE)—densest flying-deer stelae gallery at Mörön.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Geoglyph
Beothuk Wigwam Post North — Gobi (Ulaanbaatar)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Medieval
Beothuk Wigwam Post North in Gobi, Mongolia is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) geoglyph attributed to Medieval culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Khoit Tsenkher North Cave — Terkhiin Tsagaan Extension
Upper Palaeolithic to Bronze Age · Palaeolithic Altai hunter-gatherers
North branch of Mongolia's only Palaeolithic painted cave, 15000 BCE ochre ostriches and mammoths in limestone.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Kurgan
Saka Kurgan Chain East — Gobi (Ulaanbaatar)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Saka Kurgan Chain East in Gobi, Mongolia is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) kurgan attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Geoglyph
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East — Gobi (Ulaanbaatar)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Iron Age
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East in Gobi, Mongolia is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Gol Mod 2 Xiongnu Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Xiongnu (Hunnu) Empire period · Xiongnu (Hunnu) imperial confederacy
80×80 m trapezoidal Xiongnu royal mausoleum (1st c. BCE) with Han lacquer and 400 satellite shaft tombs.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Ancient city
Shambhala in Gobi – Hidden Himalayan Kingdom Extended to Mongolian Desert
Pseudoarchaeology claim (1922 Ossendowski Agartha → 1926 Roerich → 1938 Nazi) · Kalachakra Tantra Shambhala 10th c. beyond Kailash → Roerich Gobi 44.5°N
Pseudo Shambhala in Gobi desert 1200 km northeast of Kailash – Gobi singing sands as sonic barrier.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Duurlig Nars Xiongnu Cemetery – Khentii
Late Iron Age, Xiongnu Empire · Xiongnu (Hunnu) northern imperial elite
Xiongnu elite shaft tombs in Khentii pine forest—Han silk 'Chanyu servant' inscription and lapis 4,000 km trade chain.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Boroo Gol Kurgan Terrace – Selenge River Valley
Late Bronze to Xiongnu Early Iron · Slab Grave / Xiongnu
30 Slab Grave to Xiongnu re-used kurgans (1300 BCE–150 CE) — Selenge River terrace with Han lacquer.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Hydraulic works
Karakorum — Orkhon Valley Hydraulic and Urban Canals
Mongol Empire (Ögedei to Möngke, 1235–1260) · Mongol imperial (Ögedei, Möngke, artisans Chinese–Muslim–European)
1235 Ögedei capital's 8-km Orkhon pipe to Silver Tree fountain and 60-well moated square, Bonn–Ulaanbaatar excavated.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Khoit Tsenkher Cave (Blue Cave)
Upper Palaeolithic (Middle to Late) · Upper Palaeolithic Altai-Sayan hunter-gatherers (Mal'ta-Afontova tradition)
Mongolia's Palaeolithic blue cave with ostrich-mammoth paintings 38–20 ka.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Noin-Ula Kurgans
Xiongnu Empire (~200 BCE – 100 CE) · Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu nomadic empire)
Forested ridge north of Ulaanbaatar concealing over 200 deep shaft-tombs (6–18 m deep) of the Xiongnu steppe empire that confronted Han China.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Orkhon Valley Petroglyphs — Kharkhorin Fringe
Bronze Age to Mongol (Deer stone–Xiongnu–Turkic–Uyghur–Mongol) · Steppe nomadic: Bronze Deer stone culture, Xiongnu, First Turkic Khaganate, Uyghur, Mongol
Orkhon steppe 300 panels Bronze deer-stags to Turkic tamga 1500 BCE–1200 CE on Kharkhorin fringe, UNESCO buffer 1081.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tell
Shabarakh Usu (Bayanzag)
Pleistocene Djadochta Formation (75 Ma) → Neolithic (7000–3000 BCE) → Bronze Age 3000–1000 BCE → Slab Grave Iron Age · Gobi Neolithic microlithic → Afanasievo–Chemurchek Bronze (Gobi) → Slab Grave Iron Age nomadic
Gobi Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag) — Neolithic pit camps to Chemurchek burials capping Djadochta dinosaur nests (Andrews 1922).
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa North Ridge Rock Art
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic
North ridge of Tsagaan Salaa valley exposing 200+ Bronze Age horse-herd processions and Early Kalgutinsky ibex, part of 20 km Tsagaan Salaa–Baga Oigor complex dated Late Pleistocene–Turkic.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa North — Bayan-Ölgii Baga Oigor Panels
Upper Palaeolithic to Medieval · Palaeolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Turkic
North bank of Tsagaan Salaa-Baga Oigor UNESCO valley, 7000 petroglyphs including 12000 BCE mammoth-hunt.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa — White Pass Rock Paintings
Neolithic to Mongol Empire (6000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Neolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Xiongnu, Turkic, Mongol
Mongolian Altai UNESCO high valley 10,000 images 6 ka BCE–Mongol at 2850 m.