🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Arzhan 2 Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, pre-Scythian/Al dy-Bel (8th–7th c. BCE) · Aldy-Bel (early Scythian) steppe nomads
Intact 670 BCE Scythian royal grave in Tuva—9,000 gold pieces and 14 horses in a larch chamber.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Sintashta–Arkaim Barrow Graves (Sintashta Cemetery & Arkaim Necropolis)
Middle Bronze Age (Sintashta–Petrovka) · Sintashta (Country of Towns)
40+ Sintashta chariot kurgans (2050–1800 BCE) — earliest spoke-wheeled chariot graves, Indo-Iranian horizon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Novozavedennoye Kurgan Field – Stavropol Steppe
Maikop to Sarmatian (3600 BCE–300 CE) · Maikop / Yamnaya / Catacomb / Sarmatian
Stratified Maikop–Catacomb–Sarmatian kurgan cemetery (3600 BCE–300 CE) — Caucasus-steppe anchor.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kelermes Royal Kurgan — Ciscaucasian Scythian Chieftain (Adygea, Kuban)
Early Scythian (pre-Kelermes to Kelermes phase, 8th–7th c BCE aftermath of Near Eastern campaign) · North Caucasian Scythian–Meotian (Cimmerian substrate + returning Scythian)
Adygean Scythian–Cimmerian kurgans (670–640 BCE) with Assyrian mirror and earliest gold-scabbard akinakes.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Pokrovka Kurgans – Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian Necropolis
Early Iron Age (Sauromatian to Early Sarmatian) · Sauromatian / Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka)
40+ Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian kurgans (600–200 BCE) — 'Amazon' female warrior necropolis on Ilek River.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar Kurgans – Minusinsk Basin
Early Iron Age (Tagar, Scythian-type) · Tagar (Scythian-Siberian)
Thousand-strong Tagar kurgan field (800 BCE–100 CE) — Khakas-Minusinsk Scythian-Style horizon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Ulu Kurgan (Bolshoy Kurgan) — Bashkir Steppe Sarmatian Royal Mound (Bashkortostan)
Late Sarmatian (1st c BCE–1st c CE, Prokhorovka to Alan transition) · Late Sarmatian (Bashkir Prokhorovka–Alan transition)
Bashkir steppe Sarmatian chieftain mound (30 BCE–60 CE) 42 m with scale-armour horse and Parthian faience.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Salbyk Extended Kurgan Terrace – Khakassia
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Khvalynsk Cemetery (Khvalynsk I-II)
Eneolithic Chalcolithic; Khvalynsk pre-Yamnaya · Khvalynsk culture (Volga Eneolithic) → Repin → Yamnaya
Volga Eneolithic type cemetery (200 graves, 4700–3900 BCE) — Khvalynsk culture copper maces, ochre burials and earliest steppe horse sacrifice, pre-Yamnaya origin.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Khokhlach Kurgan (Sarmatian Novocherkassk Hoard)
Early Iron Age; Sarmatian (Middle Sarmatian) Alanic · Scythian → Sarmatian (Sirachi/Alanic)
1st c. CE Sarmatian elite kurgan with Novocherkassk gold hoard — catacomb chamber, gold diadem, Parthian silver and Bosporan imports, Azov Sarmatian apogee.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ostadniy Kurgan (Maykop / Maikop)
Late Chalcolithic → Early Bronze; Maikop period · Darkveti-Meshoko → Maikop (Kuban) → Late Maikop/Novosvobodnaya
Maikop Ostadniy elite kurgan (11 m high, 200 m diam., c.3500 BCE) with gold lions, Mesopotamian seals and Caucasus dolmen context — Uruk–Caucasus Early Bronze elite.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Kostromskaya Kurgan (Kuban Scythian)
Iron Age; Scythian (Early Scythian) Maikop-reuse · Cimmerian → Scythian (Arzhan-derived) → Kuban Scythian
7th c. BCE royal Scythian timber kurgan (12 m) with 28 horse sacrifice — Scythian Animal Style gold, akinakes swords and Greek imports, earliest Kuban Scythian.
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Pazyryk Kurgans
Scythian Iron Age (~600–250 BCE; main Pazyryk phase 300 BCE) · Pazyryk (Scythian/Altaic nomadic)
Five large larch-log chamber tombs in the dry Ukok and Ulagan valleys where permafrost preserved tattooed chieftains, silk from China, Persian pile carpets (the oldest extant, 5th century BCE) and 10…