🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar Kurgans – Minusinsk Basin
Early Iron Age (Tagar, Scythian-type) · Tagar (Scythian-Siberian)
Thousand-strong Tagar kurgan field (800 BCE–100 CE) — Khakas-Minusinsk Scythian-Style horizon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Pazyryk — Kurgan 5 Ancillary Horse Burial (Altai)
Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) · Scythian / Saka
Pazyryk — Kurgan 5 Ancillary Horse Burial (Altai) in Altai Republic, Pazyryk, Russia is a Bronze to Iron Age (2500–300 BCE) kurgan attributed to Scythian /…
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Pazyryk Kurgans
Scythian Iron Age (~600–250 BCE; main Pazyryk phase 300 BCE) · Pazyryk (Scythian/Altaic nomadic)
Five large larch-log chamber tombs in the dry Ukok and Ulagan valleys where permafrost preserved tattooed chieftains, silk from China, Persian pile carpets (the oldest extant, 5th century BCE) and 10…
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ak-Alakha Plateau Frozen Kurgans (Ukok Extension)
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk) · Pazyryk (Siberian Ice Maiden horizon)
Southern flank of Ukok Plateau World Heritage 768 (2,200 m, 49°21′N 87°30′E) Ak-Alakha River valley palsa permafrost where Molodin 1993 Princess of Ukok site (Ak-Alakha-3) and 6 new kurgans form…
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Ulu Kurgan (Bolshoy Kurgan) — Bashkir Steppe Sarmatian Royal Mound (Bashkortostan)
Late Sarmatian (1st c BCE–1st c CE, Prokhorovka to Alan transition) · Late Sarmatian (Bashkir Prokhorovka–Alan transition)
Bashkir steppe Sarmatian chieftain mound (30 BCE–60 CE) 42 m with scale-armour horse and Parthian faience.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Salbyk Extended Kurgan Terrace – Khakassia
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Khokhlach Kurgan (Sarmatian Novocherkassk Hoard)
Early Iron Age; Sarmatian (Middle Sarmatian) Alanic · Scythian → Sarmatian (Sirachi/Alanic)
1st c. CE Sarmatian elite kurgan with Novocherkassk gold hoard — catacomb chamber, gold diadem, Parthian silver and Bosporan imports, Azov Sarmatian apogee.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Novosvobodnaya (Maïkop Dolmens)
Early Bronze Age; Late Maikop → Novosvobodnaya → Dolmen culture · Maikop → Novosvobodnaya (dolmen phase) → Yamnaya fringe
Late Maïkop–Novosvobodnaya dolmen kurgans (3300–2600 BCE) under kurgan mounds — 5 m slab dolmen with Mesopotamian cylinder seal, bridging Maïkop elite to Yamnaya.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ostadniy Kurgan (Maykop / Maikop)
Late Chalcolithic → Early Bronze; Maikop period · Darkveti-Meshoko → Maikop (Kuban) → Late Maikop/Novosvobodnaya
Maikop Ostadniy elite kurgan (11 m high, 200 m diam., c.3500 BCE) with gold lions, Mesopotamian seals and Caucasus dolmen context — Uruk–Caucasus Early Bronze elite.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Arzhan 2 Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, pre-Scythian/Al dy-Bel (8th–7th c. BCE) · Aldy-Bel (early Scythian) steppe nomads
Intact 670 BCE Scythian royal grave in Tuva—9,000 gold pieces and 14 horses in a larch chamber.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Sintashta–Arkaim Barrow Graves (Sintashta Cemetery & Arkaim Necropolis)
Middle Bronze Age (Sintashta–Petrovka) · Sintashta (Country of Towns)
40+ Sintashta chariot kurgans (2050–1800 BCE) — earliest spoke-wheeled chariot graves, Indo-Iranian horizon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kelermes Royal Kurgan — Ciscaucasian Scythian Chieftain (Adygea, Kuban)
Early Scythian (pre-Kelermes to Kelermes phase, 8th–7th c BCE aftermath of Near Eastern campaign) · North Caucasian Scythian–Meotian (Cimmerian substrate + returning Scythian)
Adygean Scythian–Cimmerian kurgans (670–640 BCE) with Assyrian mirror and earliest gold-scabbard akinakes.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tuekta Kurgans – Pazyryk Culture Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk · Pazyryk (Scytho-Siberian) culture
600–400 BCE Pazyryk royal barrows (early plateau ancestors)—8 horses and earliest Altai felt art.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Pokrovka Kurgans – Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian Necropolis
Early Iron Age (Sauromatian to Early Sarmatian) · Sauromatian / Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka)
40+ Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian kurgans (600–200 BCE) — 'Amazon' female warrior necropolis on Ilek River.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) — Frozen Royal Kurgan, Uyuk Valley Tuva
Early Scythian (Arzhan horizon, early Saka, Aldy-Bel–Mongun-Taiga precursor) · Early Scythian (Aldy-Bel / Arzhan, Proto-Saka–Mongun-Taiga)
Late 9th-c BCE frozen royal kurgan (140 x 130 m, 1.8 ha) — earliest Scythian princely tomb in Siberian Valley of the Kings.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Novozavedennoye Kurgan Field – Stavropol Steppe
Maikop to Sarmatian (3600 BCE–300 CE) · Maikop / Yamnaya / Catacomb / Sarmatian
Stratified Maikop–Catacomb–Sarmatian kurgan cemetery (3600 BCE–300 CE) — Caucasus-steppe anchor.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Chuya Steppe Kurgan Complex (Kosh-Agach Basin)
Early Iron Age (Chuya Pazyryk / Saka) · Pazyryk-derived Chuya steppe
Chuya intermontane basin floor (1,750 m, 49°55′N 88°30′E 49.92,88.50 tectonic depression, Chuya River) dense kurgan necropolis on dry steppe: 35 mounds 6-32 m diameter (1760 m at Tydtuyaryk…
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Uyuk Valley Second Kurgan Terrace (North Arzhan Satellite)
Early Iron Age (Arzhan-Chertomlyk) · Arzhan (Early Scythian / Saka Royal)
Second terrace north of Uyuk River (950 m, 52°03′N 93°51′E) in the Tuva Valley of the Kings, complementing Arzhan 1 (9th c BCE) and Arzhan 2 (7th c BCE) on south terrace and Tunnug 1 (9th c) centre.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ust-Koksa Kurgan Field (Katun Headwaters, Altai)
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk culture) · Pazyryk (Altai Scythian)
Katun River headwaters kurgan field (973 m, 50°16′11″N 85°36′39″E 50.2697,85.6108) on moraine terrace above Katun (Ust-Koksa village 973 m, Dfc climate, UTC+7), bridging Pazyryk culture (5th-3rd c…
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Khvalynsk Cemetery (Khvalynsk I-II)
Eneolithic Chalcolithic; Khvalynsk pre-Yamnaya · Khvalynsk culture (Volga Eneolithic) → Repin → Yamnaya
Volga Eneolithic type cemetery (200 graves, 4700–3900 BCE) — Khvalynsk culture copper maces, ochre burials and earliest steppe horse sacrifice, pre-Yamnaya origin.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Sukhaya Termista — Catacomb Culture Kurgan Field
Late Yamnaya → Catacomb → Srubnaya · Yamnaya → Catacomb Grave culture → Srubnaya (Timber Grave)
Kalmyk steppe Catacomb Grave kurgans (2800–2200 BCE) with shaft-and-niche chambers cut into Yamnaya mounds — post-Yamnaya chariot horizon and ‘caterpillar’ pottery.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Pokrovka — Srubnaya (Timber Grave) Cemetery
Late Bronze Age; Srubnaya post-Catacomb · Catacomb → Srubnaya (Timber Grave) → Andronovo influence
Ilek River Srubnaya cemetery (1800–1200 BCE) with timber-framed ‘srub’ grave chambers, grooved pottery and Late Bronze steppe pastoral expansion.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Kostromskaya Kurgan (Kuban Scythian)
Iron Age; Scythian (Early Scythian) Maikop-reuse · Cimmerian → Scythian (Arzhan-derived) → Kuban Scythian
7th c. BCE royal Scythian timber kurgan (12 m) with 28 horse sacrifice — Scythian Animal Style gold, akinakes swords and Greek imports, earliest Kuban Scythian.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Samara Culture (Sokol Povolzhye Sites)
Neolithic–Eneolithic; Samara forager to stock-herder · Samara culture (Volga Neolithic) → Khvalynsk → Yamnaya
Volga Neolithic Samara type sites (5500–4800 BCE) — pit-house villages and Mariupol cemeteries on Sokol bend, defining early steppe pottery and forager transition.