🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Hagia Sophia
Late Antiquity / Byzantine 532–537 CE, Ottoman additions 1453– · Byzantine Greek to Ottoman Islamic
Justinian's 537 CE dome on pendentives – seminal Byzantine basilica-monsoon turned mosque.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Gordion
EB to Medieval (c.3000 BCE–1200 CE; peak Phrygia 900–600 BCE) · Hittite → Phrygian (Midas) → Persian → Galatian → Roman
Gordion is the Phrygian capital (Yassıhöyük) — Midas's city (Midas Mound tumulus 53 m), terraced citadel with Phrygian Gate (Ashlar), and 100-tumulus necropolis...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karaz (Kahraman) Tepe
Chalcolithic-EBA (c.5000-2500 BCE) · Kura-Araxes / Early Transcaucasian (Karaz-Pulur)
Karaz (Kahraman) Tepe — buried chalcolithic-eba tell/village at Erzurum Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Sardis Artemis Temple — Pactolus Valley Sanctuary of Artemis
Lydian Archaic to Roman (550 BCE – 400 CE) · Lydian to Hellenistic to Roman Sardian
100 m Lydian–Hellenistic Artemis temple on Pactolus gold terrace.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ephesus Arsinoeion-Octagon — Sanctuary Terrace of Arsinoe
Hellenistic to Roman (288 BCE – 262 CE) · Ptolemaic to Roman Ephesian
Curetes terrace with 36 m Arsinoeion rotunda and Octagon princess tomb.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tell Atchana
EB to LB (c.3400–1200 BCE; peak Level VII palace 1740–1400) · Eblaite → Amorite → Mittani → Hittite
Tell Atchana is ancient Alalakh, capital of Mukish in the Amuq, famous for Level VII palace (Yarim-Lim) with painted frescoes, Level IV palace of Idrimi (statue...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sarissa
Hittite (c.1600–1180 BCE; peak 1500–1200 as weather-god city) · Hittite (Empire, weather-god cult)
Sarissa (Kuşaklı) on a windswept 1600-m ridge is the Hittite sacred city of the weather-god — planned Hittite city with 2-km wall, dam and granary, built under...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tilki Tepe
Chalcolithic-EBA (c.5000-2500 BCE) · Kura-Araxes / Early Transcaucasian (Karaz-Pulur)
Tilki Tepe — buried chalcolithic-eba tell/village at Van Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Cemetery
Horoztepe
Early Bronze Age (c.2800–2300 BCE; cemetery c.2400 BCE) · North-Central Anatolian Early Bronze (Alacahöyük-Horoztepe horizon)
Extra-mural Early Bronze princely cemetery (2400 BCE) with Alaca-like bronzes at Erbaa.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Pergamon Trajan Temple — Upper Acropolis Traianeum Sanctuary
Hellenistic Attalid to Roman Hadrianic (300 BCE – 130 CE) · Attalid Pergamene to Roman Asia provincial
Upper terrace Trajan–Hadrian Corinthian sanctuary behind Zeus altar.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tumulus
Kızılbel Tomb
Persian period (c.525 BCE; chamber c.525–500 BCE) · Persian-period Lycian (Elmalı dynasty under Achaemenid satrapy)
Persian-period painted chamber tomb (525 BCE) with 2.5 m banquet frieze under tumulus at Elmalı.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tülintepe
Halaf to Middle Ages (c.5800 BCE–1200 CE; Halaf-Ubaid transition type) · Halaf → Ubaid → Uruk → Early Bronze → Medieval
Altınova Halaf-Ubaid type mound (5800 BCE) 1 km from Norşuntepe, now under Keban Lake.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Claros Oracle North Stoa — Apollo Annex of the Sacred Way
Archaic to Roman Imperial (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek to Roman Asia
North portico with Hadrianic oracle conduit 200 m from Temple of Apollo.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Korucutepe
Chalcolithic to Ottoman (c.5000 BCE–1500 CE; Kurgan elite 2600–2300 BCE) · Chalcolithic → Early Bronze Kurgan → Hittite → Urartian → Byzantine
Altınova mound with Early Bronze Maikop-affine kurgan elite tombs (2600 BCE) at Elazığ.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Karataş-Semayük
Early Bronze Age I–II (c.3000–2300 BCE) · Early Bronze Lycian (Elmalı-Karataş) → Southwest Anatolian
Lycia's largest EB village with 180 pithos jar cemetery (3000 BCE) at Elmalı.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Cave
Öküzini Cave
Upper Palaeolithic to Early Neolithic (c.21,000–6000 BCE; intensive 17,000–11,800 cal BP) · Anatolian Epipalaeolithic → Early Neolithic
Epipalaeolithic flagship 900 m from Karain (17–11.8 ka) with engraved plaquettes and marine network.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Değirmentepe
Ubaid-related Late Chalcolithic (c.4200–3400 BCE) · North Mesopotamian Ubaid-related (Değirmentepe) → Late Chalcolithic Transcaucasian
Ubaid tripartite chiefly centre (4200 BCE) copying Mesopotamian temple plan north of Malatya.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Aşvan Kale
Chalcolithic to Medieval (c.5000 BCE–1400 CE; fortified from Early Bronze) · Chalcolithic → Early Bronze (Transcaucasian) → Hittite → Urartian → Roman-Byzantine
Keban rescue fort (7 ka) on Murat River — Transcaucasian EB and Byzantine fort now under reservoir.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Pergamon (Pergama)
Hellenistic to Roman · Attalid / Roman
Pergamon (Pergama) in Izmir Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Roman ancient city attributed to Attalid / Roman culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1457).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Toptepe
Neolithic-Chalcolithic (c.6000-3500 BCE) · Kırklareli–Karanovo to Gumelnița-Karanovo VI
Toptepe — buried neolithic-chalcolithic tell/village at Kırklareli Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Cave
Yarımburgaz Cave
Lower Palaeolithic to Middle Ages (c.400,000 BP–1400 CE) · Acheulean → Mousterian → Neolithic (Fikirtepe) → Byzantine
Bosphorus Palaeolithic twin cave (400 ka) with Acheulean and Fikirtepe burials on Küçükçekmece.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Mideast 107 — Turkey Region 11
Period Classical · Regional culture Mideast-Tell
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Mideast 107 — Turkey Region 11 in Turkey Region 11, Turkey is a Iron Age tell with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Mideast 96 — Turkey Region 12
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Mideast-Tell
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Mideast 96 — Turkey Region 12 in Turkey Region 12, Turkey is a Iron Age tell with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Tell of Painted Ware Misc 20 — Turkey Region 8
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Misc-Hydraulic
Tell of Painted Ware Misc 20 — Turkey Region 8 in Turkey Region 8, Turkey is a Neolithic hydraulic with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.