🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Son Oms — Talayotic Santuari Hypostyle of Palma
Talayotic-Post Talayotic (600 BCE Son Oms settlement with 5 buildings 350 m wall) · Talayotic Post-Talayotic sanctuary (500 BCE)
Son Oms 17 m sanctuary 600 rescue 1960.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Barri — Kahat Ishtar Temple Terrace
Early Bronze to Islamic (2900 BCE–1000 CE) · Hurrian (Kahat) → Assyrian Kahat
Kahat excavated by Pecorella 1980–, Ishtar temple with votive plaques and Neo-Assyrian palace of Adad-nirari I.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Karataş-Semayük
Early Bronze Age I–II (c.3000–2300 BCE) · Early Bronze Lycian (Elmalı-Karataş) → Southwest Anatolian
Lycia's largest EB village with 180 pithos jar cemetery (3000 BCE) at Elmalı.
🇲🇹 Malta · Megalith
Mnajdra
Chalcolithic · Maltese Temple culture
Clifftop complex of three conjoined temples 500 m below Ħaġar Qim; best preserved in Malta with corbelled walls, precise equinox/solstice solar alignments through doorways.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock-cut
Petra — Al Khazneh Treasury Annex Tombs
Nabataean (1st c. BCE–1st c. CE; Treasury c.56 BCE Aretas IV) · Nabataean
Siq-end Treasury excavated by Horsfield 1929 and recent, empty tombs, annex row with loculi and triclinia.
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Table des Marchands — Locmariaquer Passage Grave
Neolithic (4000–3500 BCE) · Morbihan megalithic
Flagship Morbihan passage grave, capstone once part of broken Grand Menhir of Er Grah, decorated with hook and hatchet carvings.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Zinchecra — Garamantian Ridge Citadel above Germa
Garamantian Early (900–500 BCE pre-Garma) · Early Garamantian hillfort → Garamantian state origin
Zinchecra excavated by Mattingly 1990s, earliest Garamantian fort prior to valley Garama.
🇮🇳 India · Tell
Banawali Secondary Mound — Fatehabad Outlier
Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan (3000–1700 BCE) · Harappan
Banawali Secondary Mound — Fatehabad Outlier in Haryana, India is a Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan (3000–1700 BCE) tell attributed to Harappan.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Harappan Lothal — Dockyard and Warehouse Platform
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE mature; dock 2400 BCE) · Indus / Harappan (Lothal)
Ahmedabad Lothal excavated by Rao 1954–63, dock at 2400 BCE, bead factory and Persian Gulf seal.
🇸🇾 Syria · Pyramid
Tell Chuera — Steinbau Terrace and High Temple
Early Dynastic to Late 3rd Millennium, c.3000–2200 BCE · Early Dynastic Sumerian (Khabur)
Kleine Antentempel and Steinbau 1 high terrace at Tell Chuera (ancient Harran? c.3000–2200 BCE, Early Dynastic).
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Bagh Caves — Mahishmati Buddhist Vihara
Gupta to Vakataka (380–600 CE) · Buddhist Mahayana
Bagh Caves — Mahishmati Buddhist Vihara in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Gupta to Vakataka (380–600 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Mahayana. 9 Buddhist rock-cut viharas with 4th c.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Thorikos Theatre and Laurion Mines
Late Neolithic to Roman · Athenian
Thorikos Theatre and Laurion Mines in Attica, Greece is a Late Neolithic to Roman ancient-city attributed to Athenian. Earliest rectilinear theatre (525 BCE) above silver mines that financed Athens.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Zerzevan Castle — Mithraeum on Frontier Limes
Roman (4th c. CE Severan) to Byzantine · Roman Eastern limes
Diyarbakır frontier fort excavated by Coşkun 2014–, easternmost confirmed Mithraeum, Sassanid siege evidence 359 CE.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Fekheriye — Assyrian Bilingual Statue Tell
Neo-Assyrian (9th c. BCE bilingual: Assyrian/Aramaic) · Aramaean Bit Bahiani → Assyrian
Head of Khabur tell excavated by Moortgat 1955–56 and recent Syrian, statue bilingual published 1982.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tell es-Safi — Gath Philistine Acropolis
Early Bronze to Crusader; Philistine peak 1170–830 BCE · Philistine (Gath of Goliath)
Tell es-Safi excavated by Maeir 1996–, Philistine inscription Goliath sherd and Hazael siege system.
🇮🇹 Italy · Megalith
Nuraghe Santu Antine Torralba — Great Tower
Bronze Age Nuragic (1600–1100 BCE) · Nuragic
Sardinia's 'Sardinian palace' excavated by Taramelli 1933–38, restored 3-storey keep with corbel vault and concentric corridor bastion.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Khamis — Euphrates Fortified Hamlet
Late Uruk to Early Bronze (3400–2400 BCE) · Late Uruk / Early Syrian
Bi'a hinterland mound excavated alongside Tuttul project, yielding Uruk contact ceramics and Early Bronze village phasing.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Huandacareo — La Nopalera
Postclassic Tarascan (1200–1528 CE) · Purépecha
Huandacareo — La Nopalera in Michoacán, Mexico is a Postclassic Tarascan (1200–1528 CE) ancient-city attributed to Purépecha.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Pashash — Recuay hilltop mausoleums Ancash
Recuay / Pashash (200 BCE–700 CE) → Wari · Recuay (Pashash culture)
Cabana Pashash excavated by Grieder 1970s, Recuay negative resist and Pashabamba stratigraphy.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Unstan Chambered Cairn Stenness
Mid Neolithic (3450–2800 BCE) · Unstan Ware
Loch of Stenness-shore cairn excavated by Clouston 1884, style-site for Unstan pottery, yielding crouched burials and Grooved Ware later.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Sedeinga Pyramid ST1 (Napatan Queen)
Napatan to Early Meroitic, c.700–300 BCE · Kushite
Napatan queen's pyramid ST1 in Sector II at Sedeinga (c.700–600 BCE), 13 m base, part of 200+ pyramid cemetery stretching 4 km.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Poulnabrone Portal Dolmen Burren
Neolithic (4200–2900 BCE) · Irish Neolithic
Burren's icon excavated by Lynch & Otway 1986–88, radiocarbon 3800–3200 BCE, with 33 individuals and grave goods.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Kondane Caves — Karjat Monastery
Satavahana (100 BCE) · Buddhist Hinayana
Kondane Caves — Karjat Monastery in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (100 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Hinayana.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Timgad North Quarter (Thamugadi)
Roman (100 CE – 7th c CE; Trajanic foundation) · Roman (Numidia, Legio III Augusta veterans)
The northern insula quarter of the perfect Trajanic grid city (12×12 insulae), Timgad North exposes veterans' houses, library with mosaic, northern baths and market, beyond the bli...