🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Alcalar Chalcolithic Megalithic Necropolis
Chalcolithic (3000–2000 BCE) · Alcalar / Bell Beaker
Algarve's leading Chalcolithic centre excavated by Estácio da Veiga 1880s, with slate plaques, copper tools and ivory.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
Sayburç — Leopard Relief Enclosure
PPN (9000–8500 BCE) · Göbeklian
Sayburç 2021 discovery just S of Göbekli, relief 5-figure panel with leopard and ithyphallic man excavated by Özdoğan.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sultantepe — Assyrian Library Archive Tell
Late Assyrian (750–610 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian provincial
Harran plain tell excavated by Lloyd & Gökçe 1951–52, yielding 600 tablets including Gilgamesh and astrological omens.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Jerf el Ahmar — PPNA Communal Building EA30
PPNA (9500–8700 BCE) · Mureybetian PPNA
Euphrates PPNA village excavated by Stordeur 1995–99 rescue, EA30 with wild animal engravings and deliberate burning.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Loughcrew — Cairn L Passage Tomb Slieve na Calliagh
Neolithic (3300 BCE) · Loughcrew Neolithic
Slieve na Calliagh Cairn L excavated by Conwell 1860s, sun beam at equinox lights chamber art, Hag's Chair kerbstone.
🇨🇳 China · Tumulus
Mawangdui — Han Silk Tombs Changsha
Western Han (202 BCE–9 CE; Tomb 1 168 BCE Lady Dai) · Han Chinese (Changsha Kingdom)
Changsha Mawangdui excavated 1972–74, Lady Dai mummy 2100 yrs, 3000 objects and Mawangdui Silk Texts (Tao Te Ching).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Uzuncaburç — Diokaisareia Temple of Zeus Olbios
Seleucid to Roman (280 BCE–200 CE) · Hellenistic Olba kingdom, later Roman
Cilicia Tracheia priest-state excavated by Machatschek 1900s and recent Turkish, Olba inscriptions of Teukrid kings.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Zerzevan Castle — Mithraeum on Frontier Limes
Roman (4th c. CE Severan) to Byzantine · Roman Eastern limes
Diyarbakır frontier fort excavated by Coşkun 2014–, easternmost confirmed Mithraeum, Sassanid siege evidence 359 CE.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Temple complex
Dzibilchaltún — Temple of Seven Dolls Equinox Light
Preclassic to Postclassic (500 BCE–1500 CE) Seven Dolls 700 CE · Maya Northern Lowland (Dzibilchaltún 8300 structures)
Dzibilchaltún excavated by Andrews 1956–, equinox light through temple doors 21 March/Sept, 8300 structures 19 km².
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos — Antonine Nymphaeum Upper Agora
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (333 BCE–700 CE peak 2nd c. CE) · Pisidian → Roman Imperial
Toros Pisidian city excavated by Waelkens 1990–, earthquake 540 CE disruption, Antonine cascade reconstructed 2014.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Leilan — Shamshi-Adad Palace Acropolis
Early Bronze to Old Babylonian (2600–1700 BCE) · Amorite (Shubat-Enlil)
Weiss excavations 1979–, 4.2 ka BP abrupt arid collapse 2200 BCE evidence and Shamshi-Adad 1800 BCE correspondence.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Cemetery
Gebel Ramlah — Final Neolithic Cemetery Lake Shore
Final Neolithic (6000–4300 BCE El Nabta / Al Jerar) · Nabta pastoral Neolithic (Gebel Ramlah phase)
Ramlah excavated by Polish Combined Prehistoric Expedition 2009–, 5500 BCE jewels including 3000 beads per burial.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Pecos Pueblo — Forked Lightning Trading Post Cicuye
Pueblo III to Historic (1150–1838 CE) — gateway pueblo at plains-pueblo interface · Towa Pueblo (Cicuye) / Plains-Pueblo trade
Pecos excavated by Kidder 1915–29, birthplace of Pueblo stratigraphy, 700 rooms 1300–1838 then abandoned to Jemez.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Arbid — Khabur Ware Acropolis
Early Bronze to Mitanni (2500–1300 BCE) · Hurrian / Mitanni (Khabur Ware)
Khabur tell excavated by Polish-Syrian 1936 and Bieliński 1996–, Khabur Ware pottery hallmark and equid figurines.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Sabi Abyad — Burned Building Archive 5200 BCE
Late Neolithic Halaf-Transitional (6200–5200 BCE) · Halaf-Transitional / Hassuna/Samarra
Balikh tell excavated by Akkermans 1986–2010, Burned Building 6000+ small finds, Halaf-Ubaid transition type-site.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Knowth Passage Tombs — Eastern Necropolis Extension
Neolithic (3350–2800 BCE) with Bronze Age additions · Boyne Neolithic
Brú na Bóinne World Heritage excavated by Eogan 1962–2000, with 300 decorated stones, sundial-like kerbstone K52.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Kuelap — Chachapoya Cloud Fortress Ridge
Chachapoya (600–1470 CE) pre-Inca Chachapoya, later Inca garrison 1470 · Chachapoya (Warriors of the Clouds) → Inca
Amazonas Kuelap excavated by Langlois 1930s, 584 m fortress Walls breach 20 m, 412 houses, Chachapoya cloud city.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Poulnabrone Portal Dolmen Burren
Neolithic (4200–2900 BCE) · Irish Neolithic
Burren's icon excavated by Lynch & Otway 1986–88, radiocarbon 3800–3200 BCE, with 33 individuals and grave goods.
🇮🇳 India · Burial field
Sanauli — Late Harappan Chariot Burials
Late Harappan/Ochre Colour Pottery (2000–1800 BCE) · Late Harappan OCP copper hoard culture
Baghpat Sanauli excavated by Sharma 2005 and Manjul 2018, 3 chariots with copper helmets and whip antenna swords.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Yoshinogari — Yayoi Moated Settlement Northern Inner Enclosure
Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) · Yayoi (Wa)
Saga Yoshinogari excavated 1986–, 2000+ pit houses, Chinese Han mirrors and bronze daggers, moat chief graveyard.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Chuera — Steinbau Temple Terrace
Early Bronze Age (3000–2200 BCE) · Early Syrian (Kranzhügel)
Chuera excavated by Moortgat 1958–76 and Meyer, rare stone temple on tell, double wall with gates, early palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Barri — Kahat Ishtar Temple Terrace
Early Bronze to Islamic (2900 BCE–1000 CE) · Hurrian (Kahat) → Assyrian Kahat
Kahat excavated by Pecorella 1980–, Ishtar temple with votive plaques and Neo-Assyrian palace of Adad-nirari I.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kitora Tumulus — Asuka Painted Star Chart Vault
Late Kofun / Asuka (late 7th–early 8th c. CE) · Asuka-Yamato (Korean Baekje influence)
Asuka Kitora excavated 1983–98, star chart with 1,000 stars, four-direction beast murals, Baekje migrant tomb.
🇰🇵 North Korea · Tumulus
Lelang Tombs — Han Colony Tombs Pyeongyang
Han Chinese Lelang Commandery (108 BCE–313 CE) · Han Chinese colonial (Lelang)
Rangnang Lelang excavated by Japanese colonial 1920s and DPRK, 108 BCE Han colony after Wiman Joseon conquest.