🇬🇷 Greece · Tell
Sesklo Tell
Early to Middle Neolithic · Sesklo Culture
Classic Early to Middle Neolithic tell (c. 6000–4800 BCE) near Volos, type-site of Sesklo culture with early painted pottery, megaron-like houses and fortification wall.
🇪🇸 Spain · Cave
Cueva de Tito Bustillo
Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian) · Magdalenian
Major Magdalenian cave on the Sella River with 12 galleries of polychrome paintings (c. 22,000–10,000 BP), including horses, reindeer and famous anthropomorph, plus habitation deposits.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Ancient city
Panduwasnuwara
Polonnaruwa Period (1153–1215 CE) · Sinhalese medieval (Polonnaruwa period)
Panduwasnuwara is a 12th-century Sinhalese medieval capital (Parakramabahu I), a 20-ha moated rectangular city (900×500 m) with brick rampart and the Panduwasnuwara Vatadage circular relic house (8-m…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tipasa of Mauretania – Coastal Basilicas
Punic (6th c BCE) – Roman – Christian (5th c CE) · Punic / Mauretanian / Roman
Coastal UNESCO port with Punic necropolis (6th c BCE tophet), Roman forum, theatre, and two Christian basilicas (Salsa martyr shrine) on promontory with offshore islet. Numidian–Ma...
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Banawali — Harappan Barracks Site Haryana
Pre-Harappan to Late Harappan (2800–1500 BCE) · Harappan
Banawali excavated by Bisht 1973–, with barracks and seal of unicorn.
🇮🇹 Italy · Megalith
Coddu Vecchiu Giants' Tomb
Bronze Age (Bonnannaro) · Nuragic antecedent
Coddu Vecchiu Giants' Tomb in Sardinia, Olbia-Tempio, Italy is a Bronze Age (Bonnannaro) megalithic attributed to Nuragic antecedent culture.
🇲🇹 Malta · Megalith
Ħaġar Qim
Chalcolithic (Temple Period) · Maltese Temple culture (Ġgantija/Tarxien phases)
Hilltop megalithic temple overlooking Filfla islet, globigerina/coralline limestone, monumental façade with 57-tonne largest stone in Maltese temples.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Great Serpent Mound
Disputed: either Adena 320 BCE–200 CE or Fort Ancient 1070–1200 CE (latest C14 favors Fort Ancient 1120 CE) · Adena culture or Fort Ancient culture
Quarter-mile (411 m) effigy mound in shape of serpent with oval head swallowing an egg, 3 ft high, coiled tail atop meteor-crater plateau above Ohio Brush Creek, largest surviving effigy mound in…
🇰🇷 South Korea · Ancient village
Gyeongju Cheomseongdae South Stone 12
Neolithic to Iron Age (6000 BCE–500 CE) · Neolithic
Gyeongju Cheomseongdae South Stone 12 in Gyeongbuk, Gyeongju, South Korea is a Neolithic to Iron Age (6000 BCE–500 CE) ancient village attributed to Neolithic.
🇨🇱 Chile · Ancient village
Monte Verde
Late Pleistocene 14,800–13,000 BP (MV-II 14,800 BP; MV-I earlier claim 33,000 BP contested) · Late Paleoindian (pre-Clovis; Monte Verde culture, Austral–Magellanic hunter-gatherers)
Earliest securely dated settlement in Americas (14,800–14,500 BP) – late Pleistocene campsite on paleo-channel terrace in southern Chile with preserved tent floors (3 structures 30 m² total,…
🇺🇸 United States · Cave
Danger Cave
Great Basin Desert Culture (9000 BCE – 500 CE) · Desert Archaic / Fremont
Danger Cave in Utah, United States is a Great Basin Desert Culture (9000 BCE – 500 CE) cave attributed to Desert Archaic / Fremont culture.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Ancient city
Turaida Castle and Livonian Settlement
Middle Ages (1214–16th c. with Iron Age hillfort substratum 5th–12th c.) · Livonian Brothers of Sword / Archbishop of Riga, Livs
Turaida Castle and Livonian Settlement in Vidzeme, Sigulda Municipality, Turaida (formerly Treiden), Latvia is a Middle Ages (1214–16th c.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Ķivutkalns
Late Iron Age Liv 10th–12th c Daugava Livonia pre-Riga 1201 · Liv Finnic (Daugava Livs) — pre-Riga Livonia (Henry Livs)
Ķivutkalns — Liv (Finnic Livs) hillfort (Late Iron Age 10th–12th c, abandoned 1201 German Riga foundation) on Daugava right bank 7 km southeast Riga Old Town, Katlakalns promontory at tributary mouth.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Ancient city
Sorte Muld
Roman Iron Age → Vendel–Viking 200–1100 (Bornholm central place) · Bornholm Iron Age (Burgundians? Bornholm island central place, guldgubbar sanctuary)
Sorte Muld (Black Soil) — Iron Age central-place and sanctuary (Late Roman 200–400 → Viking Age 400–1100, peak Vendel 600–800) on Bornholm plateau 2 km south Svaneke, eastern Bornholm's richest site.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Rock art
Bangudae Petroglyphs
Neolithic 6000–1000 BCE → Bronze Age overlay · Korean Neolithic maritime hunters (Ulsan Daegok)
Bangudae — Korean Neolithic whaling petroglyph rock art (c.6000–1000 BCE) 20 km west Ulsan, Ulju County, Daegok-cheon vertical cliff 4×5 m, discovered 1971 Mun Myeong-dae.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Fasil Ghebbi — Royal Enclosure of Gondar
Gondarine (1632–1864 CE) · Ethiopian Solomonic / Gondarine
Fasil Ghebbi is the 70,000 m² Royal Enclosure of Gondar, Ethiopia's 17th–18th c imperial capital (1632–1864).
🇲🇹 Malta · Ancient city
Royal Hypogeum Ridge B — Hypogeum, Paola (59-07)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Royal Hypogeum Ridge B — Hypogeum, Paola (59-07) at Hypogeum, Paola, Malta is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 1200 BCE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Khirbet Qeiyafa Shaaraim
Iron Age IIA · Judahite / Early Israel
Khirbet Qeiyafa Shaaraim at Judean Lowlands, Israel is a Iron Age IIA ancient city of the Judahite / Early Israel tradition, built c. 1020 BCE for two-gated casemate city shaaraim.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Castlerigg Stone Circle Keswick
Late Neolithic · Cumbrian Neolithic
Castlerigg Stone Circle Keswick at Cumbria, United Kingdom is a Late Neolithic megalithic of the Cumbrian Neolithic tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for oval stone circle 38 stones.
🇷🇼 Rwanda · Cave
Nyanza Hill — Ancestral Cave Ancillary (Kigali, Rwanda)
Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (100000–12000 BP) · Mousterian / Upper Palaeolithic
Nyanza Hill — Ancestral Cave Ancillary (Kigali, Rwanda) in Southern Province, Nyanza, Rwanda is a Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (100000–12000 BP) cave attri…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Quoyness Chambered Cairn Sanday (Orkney)
Neolithic · Orkney Neolithic
Quoyness Chambered Cairn Sanday at Orkney, United Kingdom is a Neolithic megalithic of the Orkney Neolithic tradition, built c. 2900 BCE for maes howe type 20 m 9 m passage.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Semna South Fortress — Desert Wall Outpost
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Smallest of Semna cluster, 1 km south of Semna West on desert plateau, square 70 m fort built by Senusret III controlling desert track that bypassed cataract, linked to Semna West by 500 m desert…
🇳🇴 Norway · Megalith
Avaldsnes Royal Manor & Storhaug Ship Mound
Roman Iron Age–Medieval (200–1400 CE) · Norwegian Iron Age / Viking — Sea-kings of Karmsund
Oldest Norwegian royal seat at the narrow Karmsund strait, where saga sources place Harald Fairhair's main manor.
🇫🇮 Finland · Rock art
Astuvansalmi Rock Paintings
Neolithic–Bronze Age (4000–1000 BCE) · Comb Ceramic / Pit-Comb Ware hunter-gatherers
Finland's largest and best-known rock painting site on a sheer granite cliff above Lake Yövesi, part of Lake Saimaa.