🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Abu Mena
Late Roman to Early Byzantine 4th–7th c. CE, peak 5th–6th c. · Coptic Christian / Byzantine Egyptian
Desert pilgrimage city of Saint Menas, 4th–7th c., now endangered by water table rise.
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🇴🇲 Oman · Buried city
Iram of the Pillars – Ubar, Atlantis of the Sands (Hypothetical)
Iron Age to Late Antique (1000 BCE – 500 CE) · Arabian frankincense / South Arabian / Parthian
Qur'anic Iram dhat al-'Imad — 1992 SAR identified Shisr 8-tower limestone fortress collapsed into sinkhole c. 500 CE (contested as Ubar).
🇫🇲 Micronesia · Buried city
Nan Madol – Atlantis of the Pacific Pseudo-Claim, Pohnpei
Medieval Pacific (1180–1628 CE Saudeleur; 1628–1835 Nahnmwarki) · Pohnpeian / Saudeleur / Nahnmwarki
92 basalt-log islets 1180 CE on Pohnpei reef — 750,000 tonnes columnar basalt Venice of Pacific, pseudo-grafted to Mu/Lemuria 14k BCE (typhoon slump at −6 m, not Atlantis).
🇹🇭 Thailand · Ancient city
Si Thep Historical Park (Ancient Town of Si Thep)
Dvaravati Culture 6th–13th CE (Mon) → Khmer → Ayutthaya · Dvaravati Mon (Austroasiatic Mon) with Mahayana–Hindu–Theravada syncretism
Dvaravati (Mon) ancient twin-city (c.500–1300 CE) on the Pa Sak plains 200 km north of Bangkok in Phetchabun — UNESCO World Heritage 2023 'The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III (Dahshur)
Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
12th-Dynasty Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur — 105 m mudbrick mass c.1860 BCE, blackened core, first quartzite vault and basalt pyramidion, abandoned for Hawara.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Mamilla Pool & Low-Level Aqueduct to Jerusalem
Second Temple (Herodian) to Byzantine · Herodian Jewish / Roman / Byzantine
Mamilla (Birket Mamilla) reservoir (760 m asl, 31°46′42″N 35°13′15″E 31.7786,35.2209) 650 m NW of Jaffa Gate in centre of Mamilla Cemetery, one of Jerusalem's ancient pools (Upper pool of Gihon)…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Geoglyph
Paquimé (Casas Grandes) Desert Lines & Adobe Geoglyphs
Medio period (Casas Grandes, 1060–1340 CE) · Mogollon–Paquimé (Casas Grandes)
60+ adobe and rubble geoglyphs (1060–1340 CE) surrounding the Mogollon city of Paquimé — acolyte owl and avenues.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Zuojiang Huashan East Cliff — Fusui Mingjiang Rock Paintings
Bronze Age to Iron Age (Luoyue) · Luoyue (proto-Zhuang) Dian-related
Fusui east cliff of UNESCO Huashan 170-m hematite painting with 1100 frog-shamans and bronze drums, 500 BCE–200 CE.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Hydraulic works
Angkor Eastern Baray Cascade & Preah Thkol Extension (East Baray Satellite)
Angkor early (Yasovarman) 9th–10th c · Khmer devaraja hydraulicians
Eastern Baray cascade satellite 4 km east of Angkor East Baray: 3 linked laterite reservoirs buffering monsoon overflow.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Rock art
Phu Phra Bat Historical Park — Sima Stone Tradition
Prehistoric to Dvaravati (7th–13th c.) to Lan Xang · Khorat Bronze to Dvaravati Mon–Khmer Buddhist; Khmer Angkor influence
Udon Thani mushroom boulders with 3000 BCE cattle paintings and 68 Dvaravati Sīma stones 7th–9th c., UNESCO 1507.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Headless Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty, ~2422 BCE (or First Intermediate 10th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
Headless Pyramid (Lepsius XXIX) east of Teti at Saqqara, c.2422 BCE Menkauhor?, 52.5 m base, rubble mound.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Al-Thula Desert Kite Field (Jubbah Basin – Ha'il)
Neolithic humid phase (Holocene) · Jubbah lake-shore hunters
Jubbah paleolake-marginal kites: 16 funnels at Umm Sanman piedmont below UNESCO rock-art cliffs.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Ameny Qemau (South Saqqara)
Second Intermediate Period incipient / late Middle Kingdom · Ancient Egyptian
Early 13th-Dynasty quartzite-sarcophagus pyramid of Ameny Qemau at South Saqqara — 52 m base c.1793 BCE with intact monolithic sarcophagus and canopic chest.
🇩🇪 Germany · Buried city
Rungholt – Drowned Wadden Sea Trading Town, North Frisia
Medieval (1150–1362 CE) · Frisian / Danish
Edomsharde marsh capital drowned 16 Jan 1362 Grote Mandrenke — church terp and harbour channel at −1.5 m in Wadden flats 12 km off Pellworm.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
White Pyramid of Amenemhat II (Dahshur)
Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
12th-Dynasty White Pyramid of Amenemhat II at Dahshur North — ~50 m Tura-limestone-cased ruin c.1929 BCE, heavily quarried 'white' predecessor to Black Pyramid.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Bir Hima Rock Petroglyphs and Inscriptions
Neolithic to Islamic (7000 BCE–1000 CE, peak South Arabian caravan 500 BCE–600 CE) · Neolithic hunter-pastoralists then South Arabian caravaneers (Qataban, Saba, Nabataean)
Caravan UNESCO 2021 on Najran incense route: 550 panels 100k petroglyphs 7000 BCE–Islamic with 28 caravan wells.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Abhaya Wewa (Abhayavapi) — Anuradhapura Ancient Reservoir
Anuradhapura period (400 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Anuradhapura Sinhalese (Sinhala hydraulic civilisation)
400 BCE 350-ha 3.8 Mm³ tank with Bisokotuwa sluice — world's earliest valve 3rd c. BCE.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Ancient village
Ban Chiang Archaeological Site
Neolithic → Bronze Age → Iron Age 3000 BCE–200 CE · Ban Chiang culture (Isan Neolithic–Bronze, Ban Kao related)
Neolithic–Iron Age moated village (c.3000 BCE–200 CE) at Ban Chiang, Isan, northeast Thailand — 30 ha UNESCO World Heritage (ID 359) excavated 1967–73 by Chester Gorman, Pisit Charoenwongsa and later…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday Saka Kurgans (Boralday Steppe Necropolis)
Early Saka (Scythian) Iron Age · Saka Tigrakhauda (pointed-hat Sakas)
Saka steppe royal cemetery 28 km from Almaty: 81 kurgans 45-105 m with tigrine gold plaques.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient village
Dhar Walata (Oualata)
Neolithic to medieval (1500 BCE–17th c; historic 11th c) · Tichitt culture → Soninke Wagadu → Beidane Moors
Neolithic to oasis caravan terminus: Tichitt-culture compounds plus red-white geometric plaster houses of 11th-c Ghana twin capital Biru.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hydraulic works
Les Ferreres Aqueduct (Devil's Bridge, Pont del Diable — Tarraco Aqueduct)
Roman Augustan (late Republic to early Principate) · Roman Tarraconensis (Tarraco Colonia)
217-m Augustan double-tier arcade (20 BCE–20 CE) 27 m high — Tarraco's Francolí aqueduct masterpiece.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Headless Pyramid (Lepsius XXIX)
Late Middle Kingdom / Second Intermediate Period (13th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
13th-Dynasty unfinished mudbrick pyramid at South Saqqara (Lepsius XXIX) — 52.5 m base 'Headless Pyramid' with robbed casing and unfinished quartzite burial chamber, c.1720–1640 BCE.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chinchaysuyo Ceque Lines (Greater Cusco)
Late Horizon (Inca Imperial) · Inca (Quechua)
High-altitude (3,400 m) radial sacred geography of the Inca capital: 41 ceque lines radiating from Coricancha/Qorikancha to huaca shrines bounding Sacsayhuamán pampa and Chinchaysuyo suyu.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Southern South Saqqara Pyramid (Shetayet? Complex)
Late Middle Kingdom (13th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished Southern South Saqqara pyramid 100 m south of Khendjer — late 13th-Dynasty 52–60 m mudbrick trench c.1730 BCE, abandoned without burial chamber.