🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Perge
Late Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (peak Hellenistic–Severan) · Hittite Anatolian → Pamphylian Greek → Roman
Pamphylian canal-avenue Hellenistic city with twin gate-towers and huge stadium.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pessinus (Ballıhisar)
Chalcolithic to Byzantine; Phrygian-Roman sanctuary peak · Phrygian → Galatian Tolistobogii → Roman Galatia
Mother-goddess sanctuary-city of Cybele — Phrygian terraces, Hellenistic temple and Roman acropolis buried under Ballıhisar mound on Sangarios.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Pitane Harbour – Aeolian Harbour at Çandarlı
Archaic to Genoese (c. 700 BCE – 1300 CE) · Aeolian Greek / Genoese
Aeolian shipyard harbour – 90 m quay at –1 m at Çandarlı.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Porsuk Höyük (Zeyve Höyük)
Middle Bronze to Hellenistic (Karum → Neo-Hittite/Tabal, Iron Age, Hellenistic) · Hittite/Luwian → Tabal → Neo-Hittite (Luwian-Phrygian contact)
Neo-Hittite/Iron Age tell (ancient Tynna) on Cilician Gates — Hittite citadel, Luwian inscriptions and Tabal fortifications.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Porsuk Höyük — Zeyve Höyük (Ulukışla)
Middle Bronze to Byzantine (2000 BCE–1100 CE; peak LBA–Iron) · Hittite → Syro-Hittite → Phrygian → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic
Gates-fort of Cilicia — Hittite to Byzantine 12 ha casemate island tell.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Priene Athena North Stoa
Late Classical to Hellenistic · Ionian Greek (Pytheos architect) under Alexander and later Antigonid
82-m north stoa of Pytheos' model Ionic temple of Athena Polias at Priene.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pulur Höyük (Erzincan)
Chalcolithic-EBA (c.5000-2500 BCE) · Kura-Araxes / Early Transcaucasian (Karaz-Pulur)
Pulur Höyük (Erzincan) — buried chalcolithic-eba tell/village at Erzincan Province.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pursuklu Höyük
Pottery Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic (c.6200–5500 BCE) · Çatalhöyük–related Konya Plain Neolithic
Low Konya Plain mound (150 m diameter, 6 m high) north of Çatalhöyük, part of the Çarşamba fan settlement cluster survey...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pınarbaşı (Bor)
Epipalaeolithic to Aceramic Neolithic · Central Anatolian Epipalaeolithic (Kebaran-like) → PPNA
Epipalaeolithic to Early Neolithic rockshelter and open-air spring-site (c.14,000–7000 BCE) on limestone spur at Pınarbaşı, type-site for Central Anatolian hunter-gatherer sedentism before…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Pınarbaşı Höyük
Epipalaeolithic to Early Ceramic Neolithic · Central Anatolian Epipalaeolithic → Neolithic
Spring-side rockshelter and village where Epipalaeolithic to PPN aDNA links to Boncuklu and Çatalhöyük.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (classical antiquity to c.640 CE earthquake) · Pisidian → Hellenistic → Roman Imperial → Byzantine
Pisidian highland Roman city at 1,600 m with restored Antonine Nymphaeum and cliff theatre.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos — Antonine Nymphaeum Upper Agora
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (333 BCE–700 CE peak 2nd c. CE) · Pisidian → Roman Imperial
Toros Pisidian city excavated by Waelkens 1990–, earthquake 540 CE disruption, Antonine cascade reconstructed 2014.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Samsat Höyük (Samosata)
Chalcolithic to Ottoman (peak Neo-Hittite to Roman) · Kura-Araxes → Neo-Hittite → Achaemenid → Commagenean → Roman
Capital mound of Commagene (Samosata) on a Euphrates meander, now island in Atatürk Reservoir. Pre-dam excavations revea...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Samsat Höyük Submerged Citadel Approach
Bronze Age to Commagene Kingdom (3000 BCE–72 CE) · Bronze Age Kummuh → Hittite → Neo-Hittite Kummuh → Commagene (Mithridatic)
Samsat Höyük Submerged Citadel Approach is the drowned approach ramp and lower town of Samosata — capital of Hittite Kummuh and later Commagene Kingdom under Antiochus I.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Sanctuary of Apollo at Claros — Southern Bay Complex
Late Classical to Roman (Hellenistic oracle peak) · Colophonian Greek under Persian and later Roman oracle administration
Claros oracular bay temple Ionic prostyle over sacred pool feeding chasm, oracle hydrology.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos
Classical to Hellenistic (350–100 BCE peak) · Dorian Greek (Knidian polis)
Peninsula-tip Demeter terrace Doric prostylos with thesmophoria pits and Knidos double harbour.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sapinuwa
Hittite Empire (c.1600–1200 BCE; peak Sapinuwa 1500–1200 BCE as second capital) · Hittite (Old → Empire)
Sapinuwa (Ortaköy, Çorum) is the Hittite Empire's second capital and military–religious administration — Building A with 3000+ Hittite cuneiform tablets (larges...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sapinuwa (Ortaköy – Ağılönü)
Hittite Empire (Old to New Kingdom) · Hittite (Nesite with Hurrian scribes)
Hittite administrative second capital (c.1600–1180 BCE, peak 1400–1200 BCE) on two hills Ağılönü and Tepelerarası, built by Hatti kings as storehouse/forward capital during Kaskaean wars when Hattusa…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sarissa
Hittite (c.1600–1180 BCE; peak 1500–1200 as weather-god city) · Hittite (Empire, weather-god cult)
Sarissa (Kuşaklı) on a windswept 1600-m ridge is the Hittite sacred city of the weather-god — planned Hittite city with 2-km wall, dam and granary, built under...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Sayburç
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A–B · Taş Tepeler / Upper Mesopotamian PPN
Taş Tepeler PPN sanctuary with narrative leopard-human-phallus reliefs matching Karahan Tepe phallic imagery.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
Sayburç — Leopard Relief Enclosure
PPN (9000–8500 BCE) · Göbeklian
Sayburç 2021 discovery just S of Göbekli, relief 5-figure panel with leopard and ithyphallic man excavated by Özdoğan.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Seleucia Pieria – Harbour of Antioch at Samandağ
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE – 600 CE) · Seleucid / Roman / Byzantine
Antioch's silted harbour basin 600×400 m now meadow at Çevlik with 1.4 km Roman flood tunnel.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Seyitömer Höyük
Early Bronze Age I-III to Iron Age; lignite-sealed · Western Anatolian EBA (Yortan-like) → MBA Hittite influence
Western Anatolian EBA proto-urban tell (170×185 m) with EBA I-III fortified town, early tin-bronze and mass burial, rescued ahead of coal mining.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Soli-Pompeiopolis
Archaic to Medieval (c.700 BCE–1100 CE) · Rhodian → Persian → Hellenistic → Roman Cilician
Cilician harbour city with 1 km Corinthian colonnade and vast man-made basin re-founded by Pompey.