🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Nimrud Fort Shalmaneser Magazine 45
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Nimrud Fort Shalmaneser Magazine 45 in Nineveh, Nimrud, Iraq is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Ulu Kurgan (Bolshoy Kurgan) — Bashkir Steppe Sarmatian Royal Mound (Bashkortostan)
Late Sarmatian (1st c BCE–1st c CE, Prokhorovka to Alan transition) · Late Sarmatian (Bashkir Prokhorovka–Alan transition)
Bashkir steppe Sarmatian chieftain mound (30 BCE–60 CE) 42 m with scale-armour horse and Parthian faience.
🇩🇪 Germany · Megalith
Altendorf Gallery Grave — Naumburg
Late Neolithic (Wartberg culture, 3400–2800 BCE) · Wartberg (Funnel Beaker–Wartberg late group)
The Altendorf grave (Wartberg culture, late Neolithic c.3400–3000 BCE), on the Altenburg ridge near Naumburg 24 km southwest of Kassel, was a 17-m gallery grave chamber 17.5 m long inside a 17 × 5 m…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu South
Pre-Columbian Xinguano (800 – 1600 CE) · Xinguano (Arawak-Karib)
Kuhikugu South in Mato Grosso, Brazil is a Pre-Columbian Xinguano (800 – 1600 CE) ancient city attributed to Xinguano (Arawak-Karib) culture.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sijilmassa
Early Islamic to Medieval (757–1393 CE; peak 10th–14th c CE) · Berber Miknasa / Islamic / Maliki
Gold-mint entrepôt Sijilmassa on Trans-Saharan Ghana road south of Rissani.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Konar Sandal (Jiroft – Marhashi)
Early to Middle Bronze (2500–1800 BCE; peak 2400–2200 BCE) · Jiroft / Kerman Bronze Age (Proto-Elamite derived, Halil Rud)
Jiroft twin citadels — 21 m windowed fortress and chlorite workshop centre of Marhashi.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Yinshan Central Dahekou Ridge Rock Art
Late Bronze to Turkic Early Medieval · Northern Ordos, Xiongnu, Xianbei
Central ridge above Dahekou gorge bridging Yinshan naturalism and Helan mask styles.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Willkawaín (Wilkawain) — Wari-Rucu Pyramid Temple (Caleyón de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru)
Middle Horizon (600–800 CE), Recuay–Wari · Recuay (Pashash)–Wari (Huari)
Three-storey subterranean-tower pyramid-mausoleum (12 m high, 18x18 m square) of Recuay (Pashash) then Wari-Tiwanaku horizon (600–800 CE) in Callejón de Huaylas at 3400 m, built of dressed white…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Tumulus KIII — Western Deffufa
Bronze Age, Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE, contemporary with Egyptian Second Intermediate Period–early New Kingdom) · Kerma culture (Nubian, Kingdom of Kush — pre-Napatan)
Tumulus KIII is among the largest royal tumuli in the Kerma Eastern and Western cemeteries capping the Kerma capital of the Dongola Reach (≈150 ha, oldest sub-Saharan city).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
ʿAin Ghazal
PPNB → PPNC → Yarmoukian · Levantine PPNB/Yarmoukian
Mega-village (7250–5000 BCE) covering 15 ha, one of the largest Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic sites in the Near East.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Senwosret II at El-Lahun — Northern Annex
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, c.1890 BCE (Senwosret II / Sesostris II) · Ancient Egyptian (Senwosret II)
Pyramid of Senwosret II at Illahun (El-Lahun) desert edge Faiyum: 48 m high mudbrick pyramid (107 m base) with limestone casing, northern annex enclosure and 8 queen's pyramids (including Queen…
🇪🇸 Spain · Temple complex
Casas del Turuñuelo — Guareña
Iron Age Tartessian (c.500–400 BCE) · Tartessian Orientalizing (Guadiana valley)
Casas del Turuñuelo (Tartessian 5th century BCE, c.500–400 BCE) near Guareña in the Guadiana valley is a monumental 2,500-sq-m mudbrick palace-sanctuary under a 8-m artificial mound, revealed 2015–22…
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Geoglifos de Pintados
Late Formative to Late Intermediate (700–1500 CE) · Atacameño, Tarapacá and Altiplano caravan cultures
400 Atacama caravan geoglyphs (700–1500 CE) etched in desert varnish above the Tamarugal pampa.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Foggaras of the Touat (Adrar–Reggane Foggaras)
Sanhaja Berber to Marinid · Touat Zenete–Sanhaja oasis
Touat Adrar: 84 foggaras 140 km Africa's densest Sahara foggara corridor 27.87N.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Sadd al-Khanaq Dam – Hijaz (Khaibar Oasis northern dam)
Late Pre-Islamic to Early Islamic · Nabataean–Himyarite to Umayyad
110-m two-phase dam (320 BCE–750 CE) on Wadi al-Khanaq — Khaibar oasis northern reservoir.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Tepe Musiyan
Early Village to Islamic (6000 BCE–1000 CE; peaks Ubaid–Uruk and Old Elamite) · Deh Luran Village → Ubaid → Uruk → Proto-Elamite → Elamite → Islamic
Deh Luran's largest tell (15.5 ha) with 6000 BCE-to-Elamite sequence and Amorite seal.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Akhetaten (Amarna) – Abandoned Sun City
New Kingdom Amarna Period (1353–1332 BCE) · Egyptian (Atenist reform)
Akhenaten's 1346 BCE desert sun capital – 12 km planned city and 382 Amarna Letters, abandoned after one reign.
🇮🇳 India · Pyramid
Kunal Mound — Haryana Saraswati
Early Harappan (4000–2800 BCE, Kunal culture, Hakra ware) · Early Harappan (Kunal–Hakra ware, pre-Kot Diji)
Kunal Mound — Haryana Saraswati in Haryana, Fatehabad District, Saraswati palaeochannel (Kunal), India is a Early Harappan (4000–2800 BCE, Kunal culture, Hakra ware) pyramid/mound site attributed to…
🇷🇴 Romania · Burial field
Hoișești
Eneolithic Cucuteni A3–B (4500–3800 BCE) Moldavian Plateau · Cucuteni A3–B (Moldavian Iași variant)
Hoișești (Hoișești-La Pădure/La Izvor) — Cucuteni A3–B tell-necropolis (c.4500–3800 BCE, 2 ha settlement + extramural cemetery 50 graves) on Bahlui watershed, Iași County, Moldavian Plateau.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Surkh Kotal Fire Temple
Kushan 2nd c CE (Kanishka) · Kushan imperial dynastic — Bactrian fire cult with Hellenistic architecture
Surkh Kotal Fire Temple — Kushan dynastic sanctuary (2nd c CE Kanishka period) on Surkh Kotal hill 18 km NE Puli Khumri, excavated 1952–63 by D. Schlumberger (DAFA).
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Cyrene
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (631 BCE–643 CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
100-ha Theran Greek metropolis with Apollo and Zeus sanctuaries, agora and 1000+ sarcophagus tombs.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Tawayama Shell Midden
Jomon Early 5000 BP → Late Jomon 3000 BP · Jomon San'in coastal — Tawayama Hamayu tradition
Tawayama Shell Midden — Jomon mid-to-late shell midden (5000–3000 BP) on Tawayama hill at Lake Koyama 5 km NW Tottori, San'in Sea of Japan coast, excavated 1980s–90s by Tottori University.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Marietta Earthworks
Middle Woodland Hopewell (100 BCE–500 CE) · Hopewell (Marietta phase)
Hopewell ceremonial complex (100 BCE–500 CE) at confluence of Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, originally three enclosures: Capitolium Square (150×110 m terraced platform and graded way), Quadranaou double…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Tabo Temple Mound at Argo Island
Meroitic to Christian, c.300 BCE–500 CE · Kushite / Meroitic
Tabo mound at southern tip of Argo Island (40 km north of Dongola) between 3rd-4th Cataracts: massive artificial temple mound (10 m high) supporting Meroitic Amun temple (50×70 m) with late Kushite…