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🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Late Republican to Medieval (46 BCE – 1200 CE) · Roman / Vandal / Byzantine
Caesar's Sardinian colony harbour – 200 m pozzolana eastern mole at –1 to –2.5 m under Porto Torres.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE – 350 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian
Crocodile-god island town on Lake Moeris — eastern mole harbour 400 m east of town 1–2 m under salt wash, with 320 m sphinx dromos.
🇸🇬 Singapore · Submerged site
Srivijaya to Temasek (c. 1300–1400 CE) · Temasek Malay / Srivijaya / Yuan Chinese
14th c. Malay wharf 80 m buried 2 m at Singapore River – timber pier grid with Yuan porcelain.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (270 BCE – 300 CE) · Greco-Roman Fayum
Moeris southwest harbour Meson 1–2 m silted behind Wadi Rayyan bar — quay 50 m at –1.8 m and sluice 6 m at –2 m.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (570 BCE – 370 CE) · Ionian / Bosporan
South Strait harbour of Myrmekion — 70 m quay at –2.5 m and wine cellar.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (c. 700–200 BCE) · Achaean Greek / Bruttian
Achaean colony harbour drowned at Punta Stilo – mole blocks at –1.5 m off Monasterace Marina.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB → MBA → LBA Gibala (Ugarit port) → Iron · Levantine coastal → Ugaritic (Gibala) → Iron Phoenician
Tell Tweini (Gibala) in Latakia Governorate, Jableh Plain, near coast, Syria is a EB → MBA → LBA Gibala (Ugarit port) → Iron settlement attributed to Levantine coastal → Ugaritic (Gibala) → Iron…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (570 BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian / Bosporan
North wine quay of Tyritake on Kerch Bay — 60 m quay at –1.5 m and vat terrace.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Geometric to Roman (c. 800 BCE – 400 CE) · Phocian / Delphi Amphictyony / Roman
Delphi's pilgrim harbour drowned 0.5–1 m off Galaxidi – rubble mole and silted basin beneath plain.
🇲🇱 Mali · Submerged site
Iron Age to Medieval (c. 250 BCE – 1400 CE) · Soninke / Jenné-Jeno / Djenné
Inland Delta harbour mound 25 ha – seasonal wharves 200 m buried 1.5 m at Bani bank, Djenné.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Early Bronze III through Medieval (EBA, MBA, LBA Izziya, Iron Age, Classical, Byzantine) · Cilician coastal / Hittite (Izziya) → Syro-Cilician → Classical Greek/Roman
Coastal tell (Bronze Age Izziya, Classical Issos) — 5 kyr harbour sequence from EB III to Medieval, Alexander battlefield anchor.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Archaic to Hellenistic (c. 650–100 BCE) · Ionian Greek
Archaic olive-oil harbour – ashlar quay at –0.5 m off Liman Tepe, Urla.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Submerged site
Qatabanian to Himyarite (c. 700 BCE – 400 CE) · Hadrami South Arabian / Himyarite
Incense road river harbour 200 m silted in Wadi Hadramawt – warehouses sealed 4th c. Himyar sack.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Ionian to Byzantine (10th c. BCE – 600 CE) · Ionian Greek / Lydian / Roman
Silted imperial harbour 600×300 m now 5 km inland – quay walls buried 4 m, Selçuk.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Archaic to Medieval (c.700 BCE–1100 CE) · Rhodian → Persian → Hellenistic → Roman Cilician
Cilician harbour city with 1 km Corinthian colonnade and vast man-made basin re-founded by Pompey.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (c.260 BCE – 450 CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian
Peak Fayum metropolis on Lake Moeris — harbour pier and quay 1–3 m under lake-edge reeds, papyrus capital of Arsine.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Submerged site
Iron Age to Portuguese (c. 800 BCE – 1500 CE) · Anuradhapuran / Indo-Roman / Islamic
Anuradhapura's lagoon harbour – jetty at –1 m off Mantai dunes and silted basin under mangrove.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic to Roman (c.280 BCE – 150 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Myos Hormos system southern mangrove lagoon at Marsa Nakari — 0.5–1.5 m mangrove-enclosed harbour 18 km south of Marsa Alam, Nechesia hypothesis.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Heraclean Greek / Bosporan
Eastern bay harbour of Tauric Chersonesos in Sandy Bay — 110 m quay at –1.8 m and twin ship-shed ramps.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Heraclean Greek / Bosporan
Eastern bay harbour of Tauric Chersonesos in Sandy Bay — 110 m quay at –1.8 m and twin ship-shed ramps.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Submerged site
Ghana to Almoravid (c. 500–1200 CE) · Soninke Ghana / Almoravid / Wagadu
Ghana Empire caravan harbour 300×200 m dune-sealed at Kumbi Saleh – moated stone town 15 ha.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Southern lagoon harbour of Maeotian Bata at Kuban Liman — 80 m timber quay at –1.5 m and fish weir.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Southern lagoon harbour of Maeotian Bata at Kuban Liman — 80 m timber quay at –1.5 m and fish weir.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Central bay quay of Kepoi in Taman Gulf mid-bay — 100 m ashlar quay at –2 m and Aphrodite terrace at –1 m.
