🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Deir el-Hagar (Egyptian Deir el-Hagar)
Roman (mid-1st c CE) · Roman Egyptian
Roman sandstone temple Deir el-Hagar on Dakhla oasis — Nero to Domitian.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Archaeological wonder
Thimlich Ohinga
Late Iron Age (15th–19th c CE) · Luo (Bantu-Luo Nilotic) / Gusii
UNESCO Luo walled town Thimlich Ohinga — 4-m dry-stone walls enclosing hill settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Askut Island Fortress
Middle Kingdom to X-Group (1860–500 BCE peak 1850 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Mid-Nile island kite-fort Askut guarding Second Cataract channel.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca Mateo Salado — Lima Five-Pyramid Complex
Late Intermediate to Late Horizon — Ychsma (1100–1450 CE) then Inca (1450–1532 CE) · Ychsma (Ichma) then Inca
Island of five pyramids in dense Breña–Cercado between avenues Mariano Cornejo and Tingo María, Lima’s most important Ichma centre later co-opted as Inca provincial capital of the Chillón–Rimac…
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Saki Tatanami Kofun Cluster
Kofun Middle 4th–6th c CE (Yamato middle) · Mid-Kofun Yamato — Saki royal cemetery north Heijo
Saki Tatanami Kofun Cluster — massive 4th–6th c CE Kofun cemetery (7 km long, 120+ mounds) at Saki–Tatanami hills 4 km north Heijo Palace, northern Nara basin edge, surveyed 1970s–90s by Nara…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxhá
Preclassic–Late Classic · Maya (Eastern Petén)
Lacustrine Maya city (600 BCE–900 CE) on north shore of Lake Yaxhá, with 500+ structures: North Acropolis 23 m twin pyramids, Main Plazas, South Acropolis, twin ballcourts, island...
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mitathal
Sothi → Mature → Late Harappan / OCP 3000–1500 BCE · Indus Valley (Sothi–Harappan Eastern Domain)
Key Indus Eastern Domain type-site (c.3000–1500 BCE) on the Drishadvati–Sarasvati divide at Bhiwani, Haryana — two mounds (A 23 ha citadel, B 10 ha lower town) excavated 1968 by Suraj Bhan revealing…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Pollock Works Earthworks
Middle Woodland Hopewell (200 BCE–300 CE) · Hopewell
Hopewell enclosure pair on Scioto River terrace 9 km southwest of Chillicothe: large sub-square 160×140 m (3 ha) with 1.2 m embankment and interior ditch, conjoined at corner to 80 m diameter circle…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar Band-e Ahmadi Weir (Shushtar Ahmadi Bridge-Dam)
Safavid with Sasanian spolia · Safavid Khuzestan
Band-e Ahmadi: 180-m Safavid 1680 bridge-dam 4 km south of Shushtar UNESCO, 12 arches.
🇮🇷 Iran · Pyramid
Tepe Sialk Ziggurat
Proto-Elamite / Early Bronze (Sialk III–IV) · Proto-Elamite / Sialk Culture
Proto-ziggurat terrace at Tepe Sialk (Kashan) c.3000 BCE: early Iranian high temple platform with Proto-Elamite connections, precursor to Mesopotamian ziggurat tradition.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Towosahgy State Historic Site
Late Mississippian (Medley–Dorena phases) · Mississippian (Bootheel)
Fortified Late Mississippian center (1000–1350 CE) with 7 mounds and bastioned palisade on Bootheel terrace.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Brick Church Mound and Village
Mississippian (Thruston phase 1000–1370 CE) · Mississippian (Middle Cumberland – Thruston)
Mississippian mound-and-village on Mansker Creek near Nashville: platform mound 6 m high (50×35 m) rebuilt four times, truncating earlier Woodland component; village 4 ha with 300+ stone-box graves,…
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Go Thap (Óc Eo–Funan)
Óc Eo 100 BCE–300 CE → Funan 200–600 CE → Chenla 600–800 CE → Khmer influence 800–1200 · Óc Eo–Funan (pre–Angkorian Mekong hydraulic with Indianization)
Mekong Delta Óc Eo–Funan secondary city (100 BCE–600 CE) at Go Thap Tháp Mười — 400 ha with Vishnu Garuda and 20 km canal to Oc Eo.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park
Late Woodland – early Mississippian, Plum Bayou 650–1050 CE · Plum Bayou (aboriginal ancestors of Quapaw? Coles Creek related, not Caddo Mississippian)
Best-preserved Plum Bayou-culture platform-mound center (650–1050 CE) – 18 mounds (two tallest 15 m and 12 m) arranged geometrically around rectangular plazas and an earthwork embankment with…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Kyzyl-Tobe North Kurgan (Uil River North Frontier Outpost)
Middle Sarmatian · Sarmatian frontier
Kyzyl-Tobe north outpost: 18-m isolated kurgan with rampart overlooking Uil River ford.
🇯🇵 Japan · Temple complex
Hiraizumi (Chūson-ji)
Heian–Kamakura 1087–1189 CE (Fujiwara Ōshu) · Northern Fujiwara (Ōshu) — Frontier Pure Land Buddhist
Hiraizumi — northern Fujiwara capital (1087–1189 CE) 35 km south Morioka, Iwate Hiraizumi, excavated 1950s–2010s.
🇹🇯 Tajikistan · Fortress
Chilhudzhra
Sogdian 5th–8th c → Samanid–Karakhanid 10th–13th c · Sogdian → Samanid Islamic (Zeravshan valley)
Chilhudzhra (Fortress of Forty Daughters) — Sogdian–Islamic mountain fortress (5th–13th c CE) 60 km east Panjakent, Zeravshan valley Fann foothills, excavated 1960s–80s Negmatov and Pulatov.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Melid
Chalcolithic–Iron Age (4200–700 BCE), Melid proper c.1100–700 BCE · Late Chalcolithic palace → Neo-Hittite Luwian kingdom of Kammanu/Melid
Neo-Hittite Melid capital (Iron Age successor to Arslantepe palace, UNESCO 1622) on Malatya plain.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Dur-Katlimmu (Tell Sheikh Hamad) – Assyrian Port on Khabur
Mitanni to Neo-Assyrian (c. 1500 – 600 BCE) · Mitanni / Middle Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian
Khabur river provincial port – quay 60 m and lower town harbour basin 100×60 m silted east of tell.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Songo Mnara — Swahili Stone Town
Swahili Golden Age (14th–16th c) · Swahili (Shirazi–Bantu-Arab)
Songo Mnara is the 15th-century Swahili stone town on Songo Mnara Island (Lindi) 10 km S of Kilwa Kisiwani, inhabited 14th–16th c then abandoned.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient village
Sesklo Neolithic Settlement — Thessaly
Early to Late Neolithic (c.5800–3300 BCE) · Thessalian Neolithic (Sesklo–Dimini sequence)
Sesklo (Early to Middle Neolithic c.5800–4400 BCE, Chalcolithic to 3300 BCE) is Thessaly's classic tell settlement 8 km west of Volos, a 13-m stratigraphic mound (Sesklo A acropolis 100 × 80 m) plus…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (classical antiquity to c.640 CE earthquake) · Pisidian → Hellenistic → Roman Imperial → Byzantine
Pisidian highland Roman city at 1,600 m with restored Antonine Nymphaeum and cliff theatre.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Lower Rajasthan Necropolis A — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-43)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Lower Rajasthan Necropolis A — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-43) at Rajasthan, Jaipur, India is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Teopanzolco Pyramid Complex (Cuernavaca)
Late Postclassic (Tlahuica / Aztec) · Tlahuica / Aztec
Tlahuica twin-temple pyramid at Teopanzolco — 35×25 m double pyramid c.1200 CE with 11 nests; 2017 earthquake revealed hidden Tlaloc temple.