🇮🇹 Italy · Megalith
Li Muri Necropolis
Late Neolithic · Arzachena Culture (Ozieri)
Li Muri Necropolis in Sardinia, Olbia-Tempio, Italy is a Late Neolithic megalithic attributed to Arzachena Culture (Ozieri) culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Pyramid of Kukulkán (El Castillo)
Terminal Classic to Early Postclassic (Maya-Toltec) · Maya (Itzá) / Toltec-influenced
Stepped pyramid-temple at Chichén Itzá with 365 steps representing solar year; equinox feathered-serpent shadow (Kukulkán) descends balustrade.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Quarry Gallery Americas 79 — United States Region 7
Period Bronze Age · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Quarry Gallery Americas 79 — United States Region 7 in United States Region 7, United States is a Neolithic earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Gobir (Al Kalawa) – Desert Capital Remains
Hausa–Gobir kingdom (c. 1450–1808 reform jihad; abandonment 1808) · Hausa-Gobir (king Bawa Jangwarzo, Yunfa vs Usman dan Fodio)
Final capital of animist Gobir kingdom at Al Kalawa, with 4.5 km desert mud walls and palace tell where Sultan Yunfa hosted then fought Usman dan Fodio before 1808 Sokoto jihad cap...
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Madauros (M'Daourouch) – University City of Apuleius
Numidian / Roman · Romano-Berber
High-plateau Roman university town famed as birthplace of Apuleius (Golden Ass) and Augustine's school.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Birnin Kebbi (Argungu) – Kebbi River Fort Town
Kebbi Kingdom (1515 Kebbi revolt from Songhai – 1808 Fulani) · Zarma–Hausa–Songhai (Kanta Kotal founder)
Rival capital to Songhai after Kebbi's 1515 revolt, Birnin Kebbi on Sokoto River with 5.8 km walls and citadel where Kanta's cavalry defeated Songhai at Surame aftermath; annual Ar...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
El Kab (Elythias) – Walled Town & Tombs
Predynastic to Ptolemaic (c. 3500 BCE – 30 BCE; peak 1550–1070 BCE) · Egyptian (Naqada – New Kingdom – Late)
Twin to Hierakonpolis, El Kab's double walls 12 m high enclose predynastic to New Kingdom town with rock tombs narrating Hyksos expulsion (Ahmose son of Ibana biography). Temple of...
🇳🇱 Netherlands · Megalith
Hunebed D13 at Eext
Middle Neolithic · Funnel Beaker West Group (TRB)
TRB West Group hunebed D13 at Eext (c. 3350 BCE), 18 m enclosure with 4 capstones on heath, one of 53 Drenthe hunebeds.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zama Regia (Siliana) – Battle Plain & Town
Numidian to Roman (3rd c BCE – 5th c CE) · Numidian / Roman
Applicant for royal Zama where Scipio defeated Hannibal 202 BCE on adjacent plain (battlefield scatter 5 km). Royal town with temple podium, walls and Byzantine fort shows Numidian...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Abydos Osireion (paired detail)
New Kingdom · Egyptian (Seti I)
Abydos Osireion (paired detail) in Sohag, Egypt is a New Kingdom temple complex attributed to Egyptian (Seti I) culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Buried city
Cahokia Mounds
Emergent Mississippian to Stirling phase · Mississippian (Illinoian)
Largest Mississippian centre (650–1400 CE) with 120 mounds including Monks Mound (30 m, 1000x700 ft base, largest earthen platform north of Mexico).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Temple complex
Petra – Al-Khazneh & Ad-Deir Precincts
Nabataean 1st c BCE–1st c CE · Nabataean
Detailed precinct within Petra (already listed as city) – but as distinct temple elaboration: Al-Khazneh 40 m façade and Ad-Deir 50 m, both tombs-temples with Hellenistic façades.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Fortress
Tell el-Retaba (Wadi Tumilat Fortress)
Second Intermediate to Saite (c. 1800–525 BCE; Hyksos–Ramesside fortress) · Hyksos / New Kingdom Egyptian (Ramesside)
Wadi Tumilat gate fortress claimed as biblical Pithom/Succoth, with Hyksos glacis and Ramesside Tjeku fortress of Seti I (Pr-Atum). Excavated by Naville, Petrie and Polish mission...
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Knossos (Palace of Minos)
Minoan · Minoan
Knossos (Palace of Minos) in Crete, Heraklion, Greece is a Minoan ancient city attributed to Minoan culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Tepeticpac (Tlaxcala hill town)
Prehistoric · Regional Chalcolithic-EBA
Tepeticpac (Tlaxcala hill town) — buried prehistoric tell/village at Tlaxcala State.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Harbour Mole Submerged Temple 116 — Armenia Region 8
Period Iron Age · Regional culture Temple-Universal
Harbour Mole Submerged Temple 116 — Armenia Region 8 in Armenia Region 8, Armenia is a Neolithic temple-complex with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Megalith
Hillfort Rampart Asia 90 — South Korea Region 6
Period Classical · Regional culture Asia-Megalith
Hillfort Rampart Asia 90 — South Korea Region 6 in South Korea Region 6, South Korea is a Bronze Age megalithic with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Tell
Jhandi Babar — Gomal Kot Diji Mound
Kot Diji (3300–2600 BCE) · Kot Diji
Jhandi Babar — Gomal Kot Diji Mound in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Kot Diji (3300–2600 BCE) tell attributed to Kot Diji. Mound with Kot Diji pottery south of Gumla.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Kisurra
ED to Isin-Larsa (c.3000–1750 BCE) · Sumerian → Akkadian → Ur III → Isin-Larsa
Kisurra (Abu Hatab) is a Sumerian city-state between Isin and Larsa, with ED palace and Ur III archive. German excavations (1900, 1990s) revealed city wall (2 k...
🇲🇾 Malaysia · Temple complex
Lembah Bujang
Early Kedah to Bujang Valley (200 BCE–1400 CE; peak 500–1100 CE) · Kedah Tua (Qarun) to Srivijaya–Langkasuka
Lembah Bujang is Malaysia's earliest Hindu–Buddhist entrepôt (200 BCE–1400 CE) — 224 candi and iron-smelting furnaces (200 BCE, 30 furnaces) along the Muda River–Merbok estuary, iron export to…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Submerged 65 — Greece Region 5
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Submerged-Variant
Rock-Cut Tomb Cluster Submerged 65 — Greece Region 5 in Greece Region 5, Greece is a Bronze Age submerged-city with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Earthwork Enclosure Temple 111 — Armenia Region 3
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Temple-Universal
Earthwork Enclosure Temple 111 — Armenia Region 3 in Armenia Region 3, Armenia is a Bronze Age temple-complex with stratified deposits and regional significance.
🇲🇹 Malta · Megalith
Ħaġar Qim
Chalcolithic (Temple Period) · Maltese Temple culture (Ġgantija/Tarxien phases)
Hilltop megalithic temple overlooking Filfla islet, globigerina/coralline limestone, monumental façade with 57-tonne largest stone in Maltese temples.
🇪🇷 Eritrea · Ancient city
Adulis Bay – Axumite Port
Axumite (1st c BCE – 7th c CE; Adulis port 1st c CE Periplus) · Axumite / South Arabian / Greco-Roman trade
Axumite Mediterranean port in Zula Bay where Paribeni and Sundström found Axumite church (5th c), Roman wine amphorae and glass, linking Axum to Roman trade; Periplus harbour descr...