🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Unita Giant
Late Intermediate Pica-Tarapaca 900-1450 CE · Tarapaca caravan and Pica oasis
86-m Atacama anthropomorphic giant (900-1450 CE) on Cerro Unita, largest prehistoric figure in Americas.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Pachica Escarpment Geoglyphs (Pachica Headwall)
Formative (800 BCE–650 CE) · Alto Ramírez–Camarones
Headwall escarpment (1,250 m) at Camarones Valley source zone near Pachica, where precordillera meets Altiplano.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Choapa Pampa Geoglyphs (Salamanca–Los Vilos Corridor)
El Molle to Diaguita–Inca · Choapa–Diaguita agropastoralists
Southern fringe geoglyphs at Choapa (31°S): 12 transitional figures marking trans-Andean pass to Argentina.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez Cerro Tatara Geoglyphs (Tatara Hillside Panels)
Formative (400 BCE–650 CE) · Alto Ramírez
Steep 18° north-facing hillside on Cerro Tatara promontory at km 55, commanding 6 km Lluta floodplain view.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Cerro Belén Extension Geoglyphs (Belén Hillside North)
Formative (500 BCE–800 CE) · Alto Ramírez–Cabuza
North-facing 15° hillside of Cerro Belén at km 18, 120 m above valley floor, with 10 figures: 18-m double-headed camelid, 26-m fret, and 35-m avenue with central cairn line.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur Central Playa Isle Geoglyphs (Salt Flat Island Figures)
Late Intermediate (Atacameño 900–1400 CE) · Atacameño Likan Antai Sur-crossing caravans
14 halite-island figures on Sur central playa 2280 m: camelids + bisected arrow on gypsum isle amid brine sheet.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Castalian Springs Mound Site
Mississippian Middle Cumberland (1100–1350 CE) · Mississippian (Castalian Springs phase)
Premier Middle Cumberland Mississippian town (1100–1350 CE) centered on mineral spring: two major platform mounds (Mound 1 6 m high 55×45 m, Mound 2 burial 3 m) plus smaller mound, large plaza and…
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Sombrero Geoglyphs (Azapa Valley)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Cabuza-Maytas-Chiribaya / Arica) · Arica cultural complex
Hill figures and extensive pre-Hispanic village on Cerro Sombrero (Hat Hill) in mid-Azapa Valley, 12 km inland from Arica.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Cerro Grande Geoglyphs (Mid-Azapa Terrace)
Middle to Late Intermediate (Maitas–Gentilar) · Azapa valley folk (Maitas–Gentilar)
Mid-Azapa hillside: 28 figures at km 14 including 32-m feathered anthropomorphs above olive valley.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Ravine Geoglyphs (Quebrada de Camarones)
Late Intermediate (Arica–Tarapacá) · Camarones–Azapa valley folk
Ravine-terrace geoglyphs with white-gravel double-square corrals: 22 figures above the Chinchorro coast.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Alto Cabuza Geoglyphs (Upper Azapa Cabuza Terrace)
Formative to Early Intermediate (Alto Ramírez–Cabuza 400–800 CE) · Upper Azapa Cabuza Alto Ramírez farmers
21 upper Cabuza terrace figures 1800 m: square-torso anthropomorphs + zigzag flood-line on mesa above incised Azapa gorge.
🇨🇱 Chile · Rock art
El Médano Petroglyphs — Atacama Fishing Cult
Archaic to Formative (4000 BCE – 500 CE) · Taltal-Chango maritime foragers (Caleta Huelén) of coastal Atacama
Chilean coastal boulders 2,500 balsa-whale fishing petroglyphs 4000 BCE–500 CE, earliest American mariners.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Quebrada de Camiña Geoglyphs (Camiña Precordillera)
Middle to Late Intermediate (Camiña) · Camiña–Camiña culture (highland enclave)
Precordillera hillside geoglyphs at Camiña: 16 ladder-body figures linking Nama petroglyphs to valley terraces.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones North Terrace Geoglyphs (Northern Camarones Bluff)
Early Intermediate (Alto Ramírez 400 BCE–350 CE) with Archaic midden · Camarones Alto Ramírez valley fishers–farmers (Chinchorro descendant)
18 north bluff figures 200 m above Camarones gorge: round-head giants + llama and 62 m trapezoid to coastal springs.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
El Médano – Los Médanos Geoglyphs (Copiapó Dune Field)
El Molle to Copiapó Culture · Copiapó Atacameño–Diaguita caravaneers
Dune-plinth geoglyphs south of Copiapó: 14 trench-revetted figures resisting barchan burial.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Conanoxa North Ridge Geoglyphs (North Bluff Conanoxa)
Formative to Middle Period (400 BCE–1000 CE) · Camarones / Cabuza–Tiwanaku influenced
North ridge bluff (820 m) opposite documented Conanoxa south terrace, forming paired valley markers. Nine figures: 16-m pelican, 22-m ‘wavy man’ anthropomorph, and 38-m stepped avenue.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Pampa Dos Palmas Geoglyphs (Pica – Matilla Corridor)
Late Intermediate (Pica–Tarapacá) · Pica–Tarapacá oasis farmers
Pampa between Pica and Matilla: 24 rhombus and avenue figures aligned to puquio water galleries.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Pampa del Tamarugal Central Geoglyphs (Tamarugal Core Field)
Late Intermediate Tarapacá–Pica · Pica–Tarapacá caravan
Tamarugal core flat geoglyphs: 32 avenues on deflation pampa between Humberstone and Pintados.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Suca Confluence Geoglyphs (Rio Camarones–Suca Junction)
Late Intermediate (1100–1420 CE) · Late Arica / San Miguel–Gentilar
Confluence terrace where Suca tributary meets Camarones main stem near Cuya (380 m). Eight figures on lower terrace gravels: 12-m marine fish, 20-m llama train, and 30-m ‘coast arrow’ pointing…
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Unita South Geoglyph Extension (Gigante S Sur)
Late Intermediate (Tarapacá) · Tarapacá interior oasis people
South spur of Atacama Giant hill: 19 figures including lizard and raptor framing Giant viewshed.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez Norte Crest Geoglyphs (Pampa Gallinazo Crest)
Late Formative to Tiwanaku (Alto Ramírez III) · Alto Ramírez–Pukara caravan
Summit pampa geoglyphs 5 km east of Lluta: 22 horizontal geometric avenues on drainage divide.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Agua Salada Geoglyphs (Mid-Camarones Spring Terrace)
Formative to Late Intermediate · Camarones Formative–Gentilar spring cult
Agua Salada spring terrace: 12 halite-edge geoglyphs at only perennial water in Camarones ravine.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones South Escarpment Geoglyphs (Southern Gorge Rim)
Formative to Middle Horizon (Alto Ramírez–Cabuza 400–800 CE) · South bank Camarones gorge groups
23 inverted south escarpment figures 480 m: head-downhill giants + pelican and open trapezoid across from north terrace binocular.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur Southeast Dune Geoglyphs (Dune-Edge Corridor)
Late Formative to Late Intermediate (500–1200 CE) · Atacama caravan
Southeast margin of Salar del Sur where transverse dunes abut playa fringe (2,300 m). Thirteen figures on compact gypscrete between dunes: 40-m ladder, 22-m feline, and 90-m paired avenues (2.0 m…