🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Vasu Vihara
Gupta Period (320–550 CE) – early Pala · Gupta Buddhist (Hinayana then Mahayana)
Gupta (4th–7th c) apsidal monastery 58×45 m with 26 cells and chaitya, linked to Xuanzang's Po-shi-po.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Paharpur (Somapura Mahavihara)
Pala Buddhist 8th–12th c CE · Pala Buddhist Mahayana–Vajrayana
Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur — largest single Buddhist vihara south of Himalaya (27-acre cruciform complex) built c.781–820 CE by Dharmapala Pala on Barind alluvium. Excavated 1923–34 by D.R.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Koi Krylgan Kala
Kangju–Khorezmian 400 BCE–400 CE · Chorasmian (Khorezmian Iranian) with Zoroastrian
Enigmatic circular Khorezmian fortress-temple-observatory (c.400 BCE–400 CE) in Karakalpakstan, part of the Ellikqala (Fifty Fortresses) oasis — double-walled concentric circular citadel 87 m outer…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Syntas West Kurgan Field (Aktobe Sarmatian Ridge West)
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian
Syntas west: 9 Sarmatian kurgans on Aktobe ridge crest with deer-stone stelae.
🇺🇬 Uganda · Ancient city
Bigo bya Mugenyi
Late Iron Age (14th–16th c CE) · Bacwezi / Early Bantu / Bahima pastoralists
Katonga valley earthwork city Bigo bya Mugenyi — 10 km ditch enclosing Bacwezi state capital.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Kenan Tepe
Pottery Neolithic to Early Bronze (6000–3000 BCE; peak LCh–Uruk 4500–3100 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic north Mesopotamian → Uruk fringe
Upper Tigris concentric Chalcolithic complex with Uruk Bevelled Rim contact horizon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Korgantas East Kurgan (Korgantas Ridge East Satellite)
Tasmola to Sarmatian Transition · Tasmola → Sarmatian
Korgantas east: 28-m Tasmola–Sarmatian transitional kurgan 3 km east of type site, Karaganda.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Zeytinli Bahçe Höyük
Halaf-Ubaid to Early Bronze (5500–3000 BCE; peak LC 3800–3300 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Euphrates → Uruk fringe
Euphrates Ubaid–Uruk terrace tell with tripartite elite hall and wall painting.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Aktobe Besoba Terrace Kurgan (Karaganda Steppe Pyramid)
Early Saka Tasmola (6th–5th c. BCE) · Tasmola culture
Besoba terrace satellite: 32-m Tasmola kurgan 340 m south of steppe pyramid mausoleum, Karaganda.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Philippovka Kurgans – Sarmatian Gold Necropolis
Iron Age Sarmatian (Prokhorovka culture) · Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian–Prokhorovka)
29 Sarmatian chief mounds (400–300 BCE)—26,000 gold appliqués and scale-armored elite on the Ural steppe.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Pohansko
Early Medieval Great Moravia 780–907 (Mojmirid) · Great Moravian Slavs (Mojmirid dynasty, Carolingian imports)
Pohansko — Great Moravian agglomeration (late 8th–10th c, peak 830–900) 3 km south Břeclav at Dyje–Morava confluence, 28 ha central fort + 2 suburbs = 50 ha total.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Fortress
Kafir-Kala
Hephthalite–Sogdian 5th–8th c CE → Samanid 9th–10th c · Sogdian Samarkand (Zarafshan) → Samanid
Kafir-Kala — Sogdian dihqan (landlord) fortress-palace (5th–8th c CE) 12 km SE Samarkand, Dargham canal, excavated 1970s–2000s Berdimuradov (Samarkand Institute).
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kalbak-Tash Kurgan Field
Early Bronze to Early Saka, Afanasievo to Saka · Afanasievo to Early Saka Altai
Kalbak-Tash multi-period kurgan field (2800-600 BCE) of 22 cromlechs co-located with 500-panel rock-art gorge on Chuya River.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Kyzyl-Tobe North Kurgan (Uil River North Frontier Outpost)
Middle Sarmatian · Sarmatian frontier
Kyzyl-Tobe north outpost: 18-m isolated kurgan with rampart overlooking Uil River ford.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tepecik Höyük (Çiftlik / Melendiz Plain)
Aceramic Neolithic through Early Bronze (7000–2700 BCE) · Cappadocian Aceramic → Early Chalcolithic → Late Chalcolithic (Melendiz)
Tepecik Höyük (Çiftlik / Melendiz Plain) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Niğde Province, Çiftlik District, Melendiz plain, Cappadocia, Turkey — Cappadocian Neolithic obsidian-processing…
🇹🇯 Tajikistan · Temple complex
Ajina Tepa
Late Hepthalite 600–700 CE → Tokharistan 700–800 CE (Arab frontier) · Tokharistan Buddhist (Ajina school polychrome late Gandhara–Hephthalite)
Waksh giant Buddhist vihara (7–8 c. CE) near Qurghonteppa — 100×50 m monastery with 12 m Parinirvana Buddha and Turkic mural donors.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Tell Fadous-Kfarabida
Early Bronze I–III (with Late Chalcolithic) · Early Bronze Levantine (coastal Canaanite)
EB I–III (3200–2500 BCE) coastal village with Egyptian imports — Lebanon's finest EB chronology.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyzyl-Tobe Kurgan Outpost (Aktobe Uil River Frontier)
Middle Sarmatian · Western Sarmatian (Aorsian fringe)
Isolated Sarmatian priestess kurgan on red marl hill above Uil River: 38 m with stone circle and Levantine beads.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Navkat (Krasnaya Rechka)
Sogdian → Western Turkic → Karakhanid 6–12 c. CE · Sogdian–Turkic (Silk Road Sogdian colony, Nestorian–Buddhist)
Major Sogdian–Turkic Silk Road city (c.6–12 c. CE) at Krasnaya Rechka village in the Chu Valley — 45 ha shahristan (700×550 m, walls 10 m high), Buddhist monastery 30×25 m with 5 m Buddha,…
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Martand Sun Temple — Kashmir
Karkota dynasty (Kashmir Hindu, 625–855 CE) · Kashmiri Shaiva–Saura (Surya) with Gandhara–Greek syncretism
Lalitaditya 725–56 Kashmir's greatest: 84-column peristyle on Mattan Karewa, Greco-Buddhist limestone, Miri-sacked.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Konye-Urgench (Kunya-Urgench)
Achaemenid 5th c BCE → Khwarezmshahs 11th–13th c CE → Golden Horde · Khwarezmian → Seljuk → Khwarezmshahs → Mongol
Konye-Urgench — capital of Khwarezm (Achaemenid–Golden Horde, 5th c BCE–17th c CE) 35 km south Uzbekistan border, excavated 1930s Tolstov and 1990s Berlin.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Toro Site
Late Jomon 3rd c BCE → Yayoi 300 BCE–300 CE → Kofun · Yayoi rice-farming (Tokai Yayoi)
Toro — Yayoi rice-paddy village (1st c CE Yayoi, also 3rd c BCE late Jomon) 2 km south Shizuoka station, Abe River lowland, excavated 1943–47 (Japan's first post-war dig) by Matsumoto.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Rock-cut
Kara Tepe (Termez)
Kushan 50–350 CE → Sasanians 350–400 CE · Kushan Buddhist (Gandharan–Termez school)
Kushan rock-cut cave monastery (50–400 CE) at Kara Tepe NW Termez — 20 caves and Kharosthi–Brahmi–Bactrian trilingual on Amu Darya.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Küllüoba Höyük
Early Bronze Age I–III (c.3500–2000 BCE) with Late Chalcolithic base · Western Anatolian EBA (Eskişehir phase, Troy I–II contemporary)
EBA II–III walled plateau town (c.3500–2000 BCE) with monumental compound and planned lower town — Eskişehir plain urbanism type-site.