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Tagscanal
29 places carry this tag, across every kind and continent it appears in.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Late Bronze to Indo-Greek (Gandhara) 1400 BCE - 200 CE · Gandhara Grave Culture to Indo-Greek
Late Bronze rock-cut canal (3 km, 4 m wide, 1390 BCE) diverting Swat River to Bir-Kot Ghundai Indo-Greek city.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (310 BCE – 400 CE) · Ptolemaic / Graeco-Roman Egyptian, Sobek priesthood
Central temple-harbour of Tebtunis — Sobek temple and canal bridge at Umm el-Baragat buried 4–7 m.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Sasanian (Shapur I–II) – UNESCO 1315 ensemble · Sasanian with Roman engineer captives
Sasanian Gargar diversion dam (210 m, 9 slots) feeding 47-km handmade canal watering Mianab plain.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Qin to Tang to Qing continuous use · Qin imperial engineers under Shi Lu
214 BCE Qin contour canal—36 km linking Yangtze to Pearl via watershed split and 1,400-year-earlier pound locks.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Roman 180 to Artuqid 1150 CE (Hasankeyf Upper Tigris) · Roman mesopotamia then Artuqid Hasankeyf (Tigris gorge town)
Artuqid 1150/Roman 180 side canal 1.4 km rock-cut 1.2×1.8 m vaulted 700 m with 6 intakes and 5 shaft aqueducts — orchard 12 ha.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Iron Age (Urartian Kingdom) · Urartian
Urartian masterpiece (1,720 m, 38°30′37″N 43°21′58″E 38.5103,43.3661; also 38°29′39″N 43°22′48″E Van city) 56 km (35 mi) gravity canal plus aqueducts built by King Menua (r.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Middle Kingdom to Byzantine (1991 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Northern canal harbour of Tebtunis at Umm el-Brigat — 12 m bridge pier at –1.5 m and 60 m quay.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
MK through Roman; Saite-Persian peak · Middle Kingdom → Hyksos → Saite Necho II → Persian Achaemenid → Ptolemaic
Wadi Tumilat gateway tell — Middle Kingdom fort, Hyksos, Saite grain silos (600 m³) and Darius I canal station, biblical Pithom/Heroöpolis.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Submerged site
Funan to Khmer (2nd c. BCE – 1200 CE) · Funan (Austroasiatic) / Indianized / Khmer
Funan moated canal port 3 km² – brick quay 100 m buried 2 m under Mekong delta paddy.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Vijayanagara 14th–16th c. · Vijayanagara Hindu
Hampi hydraulic – Vijayanagara capital's Tungabhadra canal system: 15 km Raya canal, aqueduct on pillars crossing 2-tier, Pushkarini stepped tanks (6.8m deep chlorite schist, geometric black basalt…
🇮🇩 Indonesia · Hydraulic works
Bugis Kingdom to early colonial · Bugis (South Sulawesi) sawah engineers
Bugis lowland hydraulic on Saddang delta: 18 km earthen canals with bamboo bunds feeding 12,000 ha sawah + tambak.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Early Arab (300 BCE – 800 CE) · Ptolemaic / Byzantine
Southern vineyard of Marea — 4 presses and saqiya canal 4.5 m linking to harbour, now 1.8 m silted south chora.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Archaic to Roman (720 BCE – 193 BCE Thurii/Copia) · Achaean Greek / Krotoniate besiegers / Thurian successors
Northern canal of Kroton's 510 BCE Crati diversion drowning Sybaris — 3.2 km silted channel with revetment.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Qin 256 BCE to Han 100 BCE to Qing 1884 (Dujiangyan east feeder) · Qin–Han Shu (Sichuan) state hydraulic
East feeder canal 5.2 km ×12×2.2 m stone revet 1.2 m with bottleneck sluice 8 m: Qin 256 BCE/Han 100 BCE eastern Chengdu 820 ha.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Warring States Qin 246 BCE to Han 120 BCE (Zhengguo south) · Qin state Wei–Jing plain with Korean Zheng Guo engineer
South distributary 18 km ×14×2.6 m hangtu levees 3 m with 6 dragon-tail weirs 42 m and fish-scale carp gates 1.2 m: Zheng 246 BCE spy-branch.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Ptolemaic to Byzantine (300 BCE – 600 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman (Diocletian)
Western feeder harbour of fort Dionysias at Qasr Qarun — 50 m quay at –2 m and 90 m canal.
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Byzantine to Umayyad (580–728 CE) Palmyra steppe · Byzantine–Umayyad steppe palace (Hisham)
East Harbaqa canal 8.2 km rock-cut 2.2×1.4 m with 12 evaporation covers 180 m to Hayr East hayr 2.8 km wall.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Pharaonic to Islamic (1870 BCE – 642 CE) · Pharaonic / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine / Early Islamic
Trajanic canal harbour 500×300 m silted 2 m under Suez – lock gates at +2 m.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Late Woodland – Glades I–II (300 BCE–1150 CE) · Glades / Calusa tradition (Okeechobee Basin)
Late Woodland–Glades/Calusa affiliated town (300 BCE–1150 CE, peak 550–850) spread 5 sq mi along Caloosahatchee River north bank: 3 sand mounds (Mound A Plaza 3.5 m, Mound B and borrow mound), 2…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Middle Kingdom to Byzantine (c.1800 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman
Fayum southern Tebtunis on Bahr canal mouth — quay and bridge harbour basin 1–2 m under field silt, cartonnage papyrus source.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Hohokam Colonial to Classic (600–1450 CE) · Hohokam (Salt River)
Salt River Hohokam platform-mound barrio town (c.600–1450 CE, Colonial to Classic) now buried under central Phoenix Encanto — sister to Pueblo Grande 5 km east, controlling La Ciudad Canal (HoHo…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Hohokam Pioneer to Classic (300 BCE–1450 CE) · Hohokam (Sonoran Desert farmers)
Type-site and capital of Hohokam Culture (c.300 BCE–1450 CE, Pioneer to Classic) — 2 km² canal-irrigated village with 2 ballcourts, platform mounds, and 100 km of canals off Gila River irrigating…
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Classic Hohokam 1150–1450 CE (Sedentary to Classic transition) · Hohokam (Ancestral Sonoran Desert, ancestors of O’odham)
Ancestral Sonoran Desert four-story Great House (18 m × 13 m, 4 storeys, 11 rooms, caliche clay walls 1 m thick, internal loopholes) – largest known Hohokam structure, preserved under 1932 modern…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
New Kingdom to Roman · Pharaonic–Ptolemaic–Roman Eastern Desert officials
Canalized desert road on Wadi Abbadi 35 km east of Edfu: 1.2 km channel with 8 plastered cisterns for gold caravans.
