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Tagshydraulic
237 places carry this tag, across every kind and continent it appears in.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Early to Mature Harappan to Late Harappan · Harappan (Sindhu–Sarasvati)
16 Harappan rock-cut reservoirs (2600–1900 BCE) — 250,000 m³ desert catchment, Dholavira.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Warring States, Qin to Qing continuous · Qin state engineers under Li Bing (later successive dynasties maintenance)
256 BCE Qin weir still irrigating 5,300 km²—world's oldest dam-less hydraulic system.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Early Islamic Umayyad (740 CE) NW Arabia · Umayyad Khaybar–AlUla Harrat oasis (NW Arabia)
Southeast expansion gravity dam 158 m × 14.2 m basalt 800 m: clay-core 2.1 m + 3-tier buttress trapping 42,000 m³.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) · Harappan
Mohenjo-daro Great Bath Western Drain Annex — Western Terrace in Sindh, Larkana, Pakistan is a Harappan Mature (2600-1900 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Late Pre-Islamic to Early Islamic · Nabataean–Himyarite to Umayyad
110-m two-phase dam (320 BCE–750 CE) on Wadi al-Khanaq — Khaibar oasis northern reservoir.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Han to Qing continuum (200 BCE–1900 CE) karez re-use · Gaochang / Uyghur oasis
Gorge-head karez at Shengjinkou Yardang Gorge mouth northwest Turpan Depression (−45 m, below sea level, unique globally).
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Liangzhu Culture 3400–2250 BCE (county late Neolithic) · Liangzhu (proto-Chinese Yangtze)
Neolithic Liangzhu culture capital (3400–2250 BCE) on Yangtze, covering 14.3 ha walled city with 6.3 km rectilinear earthen walls, hydraulic system with three dams and 26 km artificial canals to…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mature Harappan 2650–2100 BCE (with Early/Late phases 3500–1800 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan metropolis (2650–2100 BCE) on Khadir island in Great Rann of Kutch, the fifth largest Harappan site covering 100 ha with citadel, middle and lower towns and monumental water management.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Mature Harappan (2650–1450 BCE) · Harappan
Dholavira Eastern Reservoir Extension in Gujarat, India is a Mature Harappan (2650–1450 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Xinguano late 1100–1600 CE · Xinguano (ancestral Kuikuro)
Southern reservoir satellite K17 of Kuhikugu — 140 m reservoir and plazas at Seki Lake south, Xingu hydraulic answer to Upano.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Second Temple (Herodian) to Byzantine · Herodian Jewish / Roman / Byzantine
Mamilla (Birket Mamilla) reservoir (760 m asl, 31°46′42″N 35°13′15″E 31.7786,35.2209) 650 m NW of Jaffa Gate in centre of Mamilla Cemetery, one of Jerusalem's ancient pools (Upper pool of Gihon)…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Abbasid Early Islamic 801–842 CE (Makkah Hajj hydraulic) · Abbasid Makkah Hajj oasis (Zubaydah patron)
Zubaydah west branch 4.2 km ashlar 0.9×0.7 m vaulted 12 m with 14 siphons: Abbasid 801/842 west distributary 0.6‰ to Wadi Fatima.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Almoravid to Almohad 1080–1170 CE High Atlas mountain · High Atlas Berber Hagoun (Almoravid mountain oasis)
High mountain khettara 1.8 km 38 shafts to 22 m deep: Almoravid 1080 snowmelt schist 6 L/s to walnut terraces 8 ha 2200 m.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works
Hasmonean to Herodian–Early Roman (100 BCE–70 CE) · Hasmonean / Herodian Judean (Hellenistic–Roman desert court)
20-km Wadi Qelt cliff aqueducts (c.20 BCE) cascading 400 m to irrigate Herod's Jericho oasis palaces and balsam plantations.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Roman 180 to Artuqid 1150 CE (Hasankeyf Upper Tigris) · Roman mesopotamia then Artuqid Hasankeyf (Tigris gorge town)
Artuqid 1150/Roman 180 side canal 1.4 km rock-cut 1.2×1.8 m vaulted 700 m with 6 intakes and 5 shaft aqueducts — orchard 12 ha.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Middle Bronze II to Iron Age IIA–B (1800–580 BCE) · Canaanite (Middle Bronze) → Jebusite / Israelite–Judite
Jerusalem's 1800 BCE–701 BCE fortified perennial spring and karst shaft — 1,500-year water-security evolution.
🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Iron Age II to Islamic (1000 BCE–present; active) · Iron Age Oman (Lizq–Rumaylah) → Sasanian → Islamic Ya'aribah
3.5-km Iron Age daudi qanat (c.1000 BCE, 8 shafts) delivering 70 l/s — UNESCO aflaj flagship at Birkat al-Mouz.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Iron Age (Urartian Kingdom) · Urartian
Urartian masterpiece (1,720 m, 38°30′37″N 43°21′58″E 38.5103,43.3661; also 38°29′39″N 43°22′48″E Van city) 56 km (35 mi) gravity canal plus aqueducts built by King Menua (r.
🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Sasanid 600 CE to Ya'rubi 1680 CE Rustaq Batinah · Omani Rustaq Batinah (Sasanid to Ya'rubi Imamate)
Rustaq West Branch falaj 6.0 km (4.2 daudi +1.8 ghailli) 56 shafts 18 m mother 14 L/s with birka 12 m: Ya'rubi 1680 on Sasanid 600.
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
Roman Imperial (Hadrian to Severan, 2nd–3rd c CE) · Roman Gallo-Roman (Arelate)
Hadrianic 16-wheel industrial mills (early 2nd c CE) on 9 km aqueducts — Roman factory producing 4.5 t flour/day for Arles.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Late Pre-Columbian (500 – 1400 CE) · Casarabe (Llanos de Moxos)
Casarabe Cedro West forest island 12 m high 300 m with causeway 800 m to lagoon 200 m and field ridges 2 km; Llanos de Moxos hydraulic.
🇩🇪 Germany · Hydraulic works
Roman Imperial (Flavian to Late Roman, 1st–3rd c CE) · Roman Gallo–German (Colonia Agrippina)
95-km Flavian Roman concrete aqueduct (c.80 CE) delivering 20,000 m³/day from Eifel springs to Cologne.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Achaemenid to present (2,500 years continuous) · Persian qanat engineers (Achaemenid, Sassanian, Safavid)
71-km Zarch qanat—longest gravity aquifer tunnel on Earth (500 BCE–Safavid).
