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Mounds made of layer upon layer of settlement.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic Kayatha 2400–2000 → Malwa 1700–1400 BCE → Early Historic · Kayatha culture (type-site) → Malwa Chalcolithic
Kayatha Choti Kali Sindh Mound — Kayatha culture type-site (2400–2000 BCE earliest agriculture in Malwa) and successive Kayatha → Ahar → Malwa → Early Historic sequence on Malwa plateau, discovered…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Old Babylonian (Ebla to Hammurabi) · Semitic Ebla-Mari–Akkadian world, Dagan cult
Holy city of god Dagan at Euphrates-Balikh mouth, tell Bi'a = Early Dynastic Tuttul (c.2600–1700 BCE) where Ebla tablets locate Dagan's oracle and Sargon of Akkad stopped for blessing.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Halaf-Ubaid to Early Bronze (5500–3000 BCE; peak LC 3800–3300 BCE) · Halaf-Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Euphrates → Uruk fringe
Euphrates Ubaid–Uruk terrace tell with tripartite elite hall and wall painting.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic (LC4-5) pre-Uruk to Jemdet Nasr · Upper Tigris LC culture (Uruk-extended / local transcaucasian)
Siirt ‘royal’ chalcolithic cemetery (3500–3000 BCE) with retainer burials — copper, lapis and earliest gaming set at Uruk fringe, Upper Tigris inequality origin.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Neolithic through Iron; Amuq A-J typology · Amuq Neolithic → Halaf → Ubaid → EBA → Syro-Hittite
Amuq type-site mound defining Amuq A–J phases (Neolithic–Iron) — 22 m deposit with Neolithic painted ware, Ninevite V and Iron Syro-Hittite ceramics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Iron Age (3000–700 BCE; peak MBA colony and Hittite Empire) · Hattian / Assyrian colony → Old Hittite → Hittite Empire → Phrygian
Alaca plain tell with Assyrian colony, Hittite gold treasure and EB Alaca-culture tombs.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic 3000–1500 BCE · Ahar-Banas Ahar ware — type-site defining culture
Ahar Dhulkot Mound — eponymous Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic type-site (3000–1500 BCE) on Ahar River at Udaipur's eastern edge, excavated 1961–62 by H.D. Sankalia (Deccan College) and R.C. Agrawal.
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Late Neolithic to Eneolithic (5500–3500 BCE) · Boian → Hamangia → Gumelnița → Cernavodă
Hârşova Tell Block M is the eastern lobe of Hârşova tell — the largest tell in Romania (200×60 m base, 11 m high) on the Danube right bank above ancient Carsium.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Neolithic to EBA (Marmara Neolithic, Chalcolithic) · Marmara Neolithic (Fikirtepe) → Late Chalcolithic (İznik) → EBA
Marmara lakeside Neolithic tell (5800–3500 BCE) with waterlogged wooden tools — wattle-daub village, bone sickles, then ditched Chalcolithic mound, İznik Lake type-site.
🇺🇸 United States · Tell
Classic Period Hohokam (1100–1450 CE) · Hohokam Classic Period (Pueblo Grande region)
Mesa Grande Hohokam Platform Mound Extension is the eastern lower terrace of Mesa Grande Ruin — the largest extant Hohokam platform mound in the Salt River Valley, within modern Mesa.
🇮🇷 Iran · Pyramid
Proto-Elamite / Early Bronze (Sialk III–IV) · Proto-Elamite / Sialk Culture
Proto-ziggurat terrace at Tepe Sialk (Kashan) c.3000 BCE: early Iranian high temple platform with Proto-Elamite connections, precursor to Mesopotamian ziggurat tradition.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient village
Late Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (3600–1400 BCE; peak Kura-Araxes 3000–2500 BCE) · Urmia Chalcolithic → Kura-Araxes (Transcaucasian) → Early Urmia Bronze
Lake Urmia Kura-Araxes lakeside tell with black burnished round houses and metal workshops.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient village
Late Neolithic–Late Chalcolithic (5900–4000 BCE; wine horizon 5400 BCE) · Hajji Firuz / Dalma (Urmia basin Chalcolithic)
Solduz Valley Chalcolithic village with world's earliest wine jars (5400 BCE tartaric acid).
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Naqada II–III to Early Dynastic (Predynastic to 1st Dynasty) · Upper Egyptian Naqada (protodynastic)
Protodynastic super-city (c.3800–3000 BCE) — largest Predynastic centre in Egypt (100+ ha at HK desert + floodplain), cult of falcon Horus.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Middle to Late Bronze Age, c.2200-1200 BCE (Amorite–Hittite) · Amorite / Hittite (Yamhad / Alalakh)
Tell Atchana 22 ha tell in Amuq Plain (Hatay): capital Mukish polity and Alalakh palaces. Excavated by Leonard Woolley (1935-49) and K.
🇺🇸 United States · Tell
Classic Period Hohokam (1200–1450 CE) · Hohokam Classic Period (Los Muertos–Pueblo Grande cluster)
Los Muertos Tempe Hohokam Settlement South is the southern canal village of Los Muertos — one of the largest Classic Period Hohokam canal villages on the Salt River south bank opposite Pueblo Grande.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic Malwa 1700 BCE → Jorwe 1400–1000 BCE → Early Historic 600 BCE–200 CE · Malwa–Jorwe Chalcolithic (Narmada) → Satavahana
Type Narmada Chalcolithic village (1800–1000 BCE) on Narmada gorge opposite Maheshwar — 30 houses per phase, 7 m deposit.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Ubaid 0 through Ubaid I (c.6500–5500 BCE); late Samarra–Hajji Muhammad horizon · Samarra–Ubaid 0 (Oueili phase) → Ubaid 1 (Hajji Muhammad) southern Mesopotamian
Ubaid 0 (c.6500–5500 BCE) earliest village in southern Mesopotamia predating Eridu — 11 m sounding with buttressed temple (Huot).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Hassuna–Samarran, Ubaid (6000–4800 BCE) · Samarra culture
Type mound for Samarran culture immediately south of Samarra on cliff overlooking Tigris floodplain, excavated by al-Adhami and Yasin (1964–69).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4300 BCE–1400 CE) · Chalcolithic → EB → MBA → Hittite → Hellenistic → Islamic
Lidar Höyük Euphrates Terrace is the 8.5-ha southern alluvial terrace below Lidar Höyük main mound on the Euphrates right bank — excavated by Hauptmann before the Atatürk reservoir rose.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Chalcolithic through Iron III; EB-MBA peak · Syrian EBA → Amorite → Mitanni/Hittite → Aramaean Luash
Idlib tell (26 ha) with Neolithic–Iron III sequence, MBA walls and Iron Temple of the Luash dynasty — findspot of Zakkur Stele, Hittite-period storage horizon.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Halaf Late Neolithic (Ubaid predecessor) to Iron Age Neo-Hittite Aramaean · Halaf painted ware → Aramaean Syro-Hittite (Kapara, Bit Bahiani)
Double-significance mound: type-site of Halaf culture Late Neolithic mass-produced painted pottery (c.6100–5400 BCE) that spread from Zagros to Mediterranean — defined 1911 by Oppenheim/ Schmidt; and…
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Middle to Late Chalcolithic (Petreşti A-B) · Petreşti (Vinča → Gumelniţa contemporary Transylvanian)
Type-site of Petreşti painted ware culture (c.5000–3500 BCE, Middle to Late Chalcolithic) — Transylvania's Late Neolithic polychrome (red-white-black geometric) rivalling Cucuteni, on Sebeș River…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Early Bronze Age I-III to Iron Age; lignite-sealed · Western Anatolian EBA (Yortan-like) → MBA Hittite influence
Western Anatolian EBA proto-urban tell (170×185 m) with EBA I-III fortified town, early tin-bronze and mass burial, rescued ahead of coal mining.
