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Mounds made of layer upon layer of settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
Ghassulian Chalcolithic (4700–3800 BCE) · Ghassulian Chalcolithic (4700–3800 BCE)
Teleilat Ghassul in Balqa Governorate, Jordan Valley, Dead Sea N, Jordan is a Ghassulian Chalcolithic (4700–3800 BCE) settlement attributed to Ghassulian Chalcolithic (4700–3800 BCE) culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Natufian to Byzantine (c. 10000 BCE – 749 CE) · Natufian / Chalcolithic / Canaanite / Hellenistic Decapolis / Roman / Byzantine
Decapolis wadi harbour city – revetment 30 m at –1 m in Wadi Jirm below escarpment terraces.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Middle Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (c.1800 BCE–300 CE), peak Assyrian 800–600 BCE · Mitanni → Middle/Neo-Assyrian → Parthian
Lower Khabur Assyrian capital 55 ha (600 tablets, Red House archive, canal) 70 km NE Deir ez-Zor.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
EB I–IV walled town (3300–2100 BCE) · EB I–IV walled town (3300–2100 BCE)
Bab edh-Dhra in Karak Governorate, Wadi Araba, Dead Sea SE, Jordan is a EB I–IV walled town (3300–2100 BCE) settlement attributed to EB I–IV walled town (3300–2100 BCE) culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA → early PPNB (9600–8700 cal BCE) · PPNA Tigris (Karul Upper Tigris Neolithic)
PPNA lakeside village (9600–9300 BCE) — rectangular pisè houses on Gusir sinkhole lake, progenitor cultivation bridge Göbekli→Çayönü.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Eneolithic Precucuteni → Cucuteni A (5100–4500 BCE) Western · Precucuteni–Cucuteni A (Western Cucuteni-Trypillia earliest)
Polivaniv Yar III (Polivanov Yar) — Precucuteni → Cucuteni A stratified tell (c.5100–4500 BCE, 2 ha, 6 horizons) on Dniester cape at Khotyn, Chernivtsi, Bessarabia border.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Early Bronze Age II–III through Middle Bronze (c.2600–2200 BCE peak; MBA sparse) · EBA Syro-Mesopotamian urban (Khabur-Euphrates city-state)
43 ha EBA orthogonal planned city (2600–2200 BCE) with 2.5 km wall and suburbs — largest Euphrates east-bank urban centre.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Epipalaeolithic / PPNA transitional (Natufian-related → Pre-Pottery Neolithic) · Sason Epipaleolithic → PPNA Upper Tigris foragers
Epipalaeolithic-PPNA hamlet (c.11ky BP) with C-shaped communal auroch-bucrania building — earliest pig management and pre-Göbekli communal architecture, Sason Stream.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Early Bronze through Iron Age and Byzantine (c.3500 BCE–600 CE); LB–Iron I–II Judahite fortress 8th–6th c. BCE · EBA–LB Canaanite → Judahite fortress (Hezekiah–Zedekiah) → Babylonian destruction → Persian–Byzantine
Judahite Shfela fortress (18 ha) with Sennacherib 701 BCE and 588 BCE Babylonian destructions — Lachish letter Azekah (Iron II).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Ubaid through Early Dynastic I (c.4000–2800 BCE); Ubaid 4, Uruk, Jemdat Nasr, ED I · Ubaid → Uruk colonial (southern Mesopotamian) → Jemdet Nasr → ED I Diyala
Hamrin Uruk colonial tell with bevelled-rim and cylinder sealings (c.3800–3100 BCE) — Roaf’s Ubaid→ED sequence.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Neolithic 2300–1500 → Chalcolithic 1500–600 BCE → NBPW 600 BCE · Kaimur Neolithic–Chalcolithic — Vindhyan–Gangetic transition
Senuwar Bihar Neolithic Mound — Neolithic–Chalcolithic village (2300–600 BCE) on Kaimur plateau edge near Son River, excavated 1986–91 by B.P. Singh (BHU).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Chalcolithic Late Uruk (3800–3100 BCE) · Late Uruk (South Mesopotamian colony)
Tell Habuba Kabira South Mound is the 10-ha southern colony mound of Habuba Kabira — the largest Late Uruk urban transplant outside Sumer (22 ha gridded walled city).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA–PPNB through Halaf (c.9500–7500 BCE; Halaf 6000–5500 BCE) · Taş Tepeler PPN (PPNA–PPNB forager-cultivators) and Halaf village
PPN hillside tell (c.9500–7500 BCE) with round houses and failed-precursor T-pillar — Taş Tepeler domestic village.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
EB III to Byzantine · Yamhad/Amorite → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Byzantine
Old Babylonian Amanus-pass palace-fortress Tilmen with lion gate, archive and Yamhad vassal capital.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic Ahar-Banas 3000–1500 BCE → Early Historic 6th c BCE · Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic (Mewar) — Black-and-Red Ware
Balathal Chalcolithic Mound — type-site of Ahar-Banas complex ( Chalcolithic 3000–1500 BCE with Early Historic overlay) excavated 1994–2000 by V.N.
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan · Tell
Neolithic (late 7th–6th millennium BCE); Shomu–Shulaveri–Aratashen horizon · Shomu–Aratashen (Caucasian Early Neolithic; Shulaveri parallel)
South Caucasian Neolithic type-site (c.6300–5000 BCE) — 7 horizons of round mudbrick houses founding Shomu–Aratashen.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Classic to New Kingdom to Napatan (2500 BCE–750 BCE, plus later) · Kerma and Egyptian colonial (New Kingdom)
12 km Nubian Nile island with Kerma pyramids and New Kingdom pharaonic fortress (2500 BCE–Ottoman).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Chalcolithic 1300–1200 → Early Iron Age 1200–300 BCE · Vidarbha Chalcolithic → Iron Age transition — Adam facies
Adam Wainganga Mound — Iron Age Chalcolithic–Megalithic transition site (1300–300 BCE) on Nag River at Kuhi, first recognized Chalcolithic-to-Iron Age mound in Vidarbha, excavated 1988–89 and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (5000 BCE–1700 BCE) · Hassuna → Halaf → Ninevite V → Akkadian → Habur → Shubat-Enlil (Assyrian)
Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil) Satellite Mound is the 8.5-ha outer suburb 1.2 km southwest of Tell Leilan — capital of Shamshi-Adad I's Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia (Shubat-Enlil, 1800 BCE).
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Neolithic through Iron Age and Byzantine (c.5000 BCE–600 CE); Chalcolithic, EBA–MB, LB II Amarna Kumidi, Iron–Persian · Chalcolithic → EBA–MBA Beqaa → LB Egyptian vassal (Kumidi) → Iron Phoenician–Persian → Hellenistic
Beqaa Kumidi — Amarna Egyptian vassal palace with cuneiform archive and fresco (26 m, 16 m stratigraphy, LB II).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Early Dynastic to Ur III · Sumerian (Umma dynasty / Ur III province)
Shara temple ziggurat mound at Umma (Tell Jokha) — 60×45 m platform c.2500–2100 BCE, city-god Shara's E-mah towering over Umma–Lagash frontier.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tell
Late Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Tripolye C2 → Usatovo (c.3500–3200 BCE) → Early Yamnaya fringe · Late Trypillia C2 → Usatovo (Post-Trypillia) steppe–farming synthesis → Early Yamnaya infiltration
Usatovo village–kurgan cemetery (c.3500–3200 BCE) on liman — Trypillia→Yamnaya bridge with stelae and copper (Petrenko).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
EB III through EB IV/Intermediate Bronze (c.2500–2000 BCE) with EBA predecessor and MB I squatter · EB III Canaanite → EB IV transitional (Intermediate Bronze) highland town
Fortified EB IV town (c.2500–2000 BCE) with double walls — only continuous EBA III→EB IV survival above 4.2kya collapse (Richard).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Pottery Neolithic to Halaf (7100–5500 BCE, Burnt Village c.6000 BCE) · Neolithic Balikh (Pre-Halaf, early Ubaid influence)
Neolithic clustering Tell Sabi Abyad (Balikh) 4 mounds I–III covering 10 ha, 8 m high on Balikh spring line: Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Halaf (7100–5500 BCE) with rectangular mudbrick houses,…
