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328 places in the atlas, 11 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early–Late Bronze Age (c.2400–1000 BCE) · Syrian Bronze Age (Ekalte)
Euphrates walled city 20 ha (2.5 km double wall, Ekalte Old Babylonian tablets) near Tabqa Lake.
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Citadel of Garh Strath in Homs Governorate, Syria is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) fortress attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Halaf–Early Bronze Age (c.5600–2300 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid → EBA Syro-Mesopotamian
Interfluve tell 9 m high (Halaf–Ubaid–EB, shaft tombs, black-burnished ware) between Euphrates and Sajur.
🇸🇾 Syria · Buried city
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Moss Cairn Buried Settlement in Homs Governorate, Syria is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) buried city attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic (c.3000–300 BCE) · Syrian EBA → Aramaean → Neo-Hittite fringe
Ghāb Orontes fortress tell 12 ha (EB glacis, Iron Age Aramaean town Tunip/Qarqar) in Ghāb swamp.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Jazira I–V (3100–2100 BCE) · Early Jazira Hurrian precursor → Akkadian
EJ II Nabada planned insula 2420 BCE — tablet sealings & kiln quarter (Lebeau).
🇸🇾 Syria · Temple complex
Late Bronze – Iron Age II (Syro-Hittite) · Hittite – Syro-Hittite (Aramaean)
Syro-Hittite temple (1300–740 BCE) with 1-m footprints and sphinxes — Solomon's Temple parallel, destroyed 2018.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB IV to Persian (3000 BCE–330 BCE; peak LBA 1500–1200 BCE) · EB Amorite → Middle Bronze Amorite → Hittite Egyptian contested → Neo-Assyrian → Persian
Qadesh outer town 1274 BCE — Hittite–Egyptian battle plain south tell.
🇸🇾 Syria · Archaeological wonder
3rd millennium BCE to present (Yamhad Bronze Age peak; current fortress 12th–13th c CE) · Amorite (Yamhad) / Hittite / Neo-Hittite / Hellenistic / Ayyubid / Mamluk / Ottoman
One of the oldest continuously fortified mounds in the world, Aleppo citadel occupies a 45 m-high tell (Yamhad kingdom capital c.1800 BCE).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient village
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8700–7500 BCE; phases I–III) · PPNB Levantine (Ghuta facies)
PPNB Ghuta village 8700 BCE — plastered skulls & earliest barley (Stordeur).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid–Uruk (5200–3100 BCE) · Ubaid – Uruk
Ubaid–Uruk (5200–3100 BCE) Ubaid – Uruk tell at Al-Hasakah Governorate, Khabur tributary – ubaid–uruk village on khabur tributary (dims Mound 2 ha, 6 m Ubaid–Uruk).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze (3000–2200 BCE) · EB South Levantine (Ghouta)
Early Bronze (3000–2200 BCE) EB South Levantine (Ghouta) tell at Damascus Basin, Ghouta fringe – eb walled town on damascus oasis fringe (dims Mound 8 ha, wall 8 m thick).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EBA I to Old Syrian (3500–1600 BCE; peak Eblaite Palace G 2400 BCE) · EBA Eblaite → Eblaite Syrian → Old Syrian (Yamhad)
Eblaite capital lower town 2400 BCE — 17k tablets south quarter & Temple of Rock.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPNA to PPNB (7800–5400 BCE; main 7600–6000 BCE) · PPNB Mureybetian → PPNB (Euphrates)
PPNB mega-village 7600 BCE — communal plastered houses & skull cult (Molist).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Seleucid to Byzantine Crusader · Seleucid → Roman → Byzantine
Seleucid garrison city and military elephant depot (Seleucus' 500 Indian elephants), later Roman Apamea with the grandest colonnaded cardo in the East — 1,850 m long, 37 m wide, 1,200 columns with…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Bronze to Neo-Assyrian (c.1600–600 BCE) · Mitanni Hurrian → Middle Assyrian
Stratified 7-m Khabur village documenting Mitanni–Assyrian agrarian collapse and recovery; Pfälzner exposed Mitanni granary with barley, then Middle Assyrian canal-side settlement with large storage…
🇸🇾 Syria · Pyramid
Early Bronze Age (EB I–II, c. 3000–2500 BCE) · Euphrates Early Bronze, Kranzhügel culture precursor
Tell on Euphrates terrace south of Carchemish, excavated by Algaze and Breunig as part of Euphrates salvage, revealing Early Bronze planned town with orthogonal streets, temple on high terrace and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Bronze to Neo-Assyrian (c.1400–600 BCE; provincial capital 900–600) · Mittani → Middle Assyrian → Neo-Assyrian provincial
Dur-Katlimmu on lower Khabur is largest Assyrian provincial centre (110 ha: 25-ha citadel + 85-ha walled lower town), Kühne excavations 1978–. Neo-Assyrian capi...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Middle Bronze to neo-Assyrian (c.2000 BCE–700 BCE), peak Middle Assyrian · Mitanni Washukanni? / Sikkan Assyrian
Spring-resurgent mound with 1.5-m deep Middle Assyrian level and 9th-c. bilingual Old Aramaic–Old Assyrian Hadad statue inscription (stated first to transcribe Akkadian into Aramaic).
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Byzantine (330–1453 CE) · Byzantine
High Fortress in Homs Governorate, Syria is a Byzantine (330–1453 CE) fortress attributed to Byzantine culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Middle Bronze to Neo-Assyrian (c.2000–600 BCE; bilingual 850 BCE) · Old Babylonian → Mittani (Washukanni?) → Middle Assyrian → Aramaean → Neo-Assyrian
Tell Fecheriye (ancient Sikan/Sikani) is 90-ha dual-mound south of Halaf on Khabur source, famed for 1979 Hadad-yithʻi bilingual statue — life-size basalt with...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Uruk to Islamic (4000 BCE–1200 CE) · Uruk → EBA Karababa → MBA → Hellenistic
Uruk–EBA ford mound 2700 BCE — burnt sealing houses at Qara Quzaq crossing.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to Iron Age (3500–600 BCE; peak MBA–Neo-Assyrian) · Uruk → EBA → Middle Assyrian → Neo-Assyrian Aramean (Bit-Adini)
Burmarina Neo-Assyrian tablet town 725 BCE — MBA to cremation cemetery.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Late Bronze (Amorite Hurrian) · Amorite then Hurrian-Mitanni Egyptian orbit
Mighty Middle Bronze (c.2800–1340 BCE) kingdom city of Qatna controlling eastern Homs basin, with 1 km-square royal palace (largest Bronze Age palace in Syria, 10,000 m²) and intact royal hypogeum…
