🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Leptis Magna Market North Portico
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Leptis Magna Market North Portico in Murqub, Leptis Magna, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Ghirza (Gerisa)
Roman to Islamic (1st–7th c; peak 3rd–4th c) · Libyan (Nasamones) / Roman / Byzantine
Desert frontier with 40 tower temple-tombs, foggara dams and Libyan relief ethnography 150 km inland.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Bu Njem (Gholaia)
Severan Roman (201–259 CE) · Roman
201 CE polygonal limes fort 138 m with 146 wax tablets and ostraca archive documenting Legio III vicus.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Tocra (Taucheira)
Archaic Greek to Islamic (630 BCE–7th c CE) · Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Archaic Greek harbour with 2.5-km 610 BCE bastioned wall and earliest black-figure ceramics stratigraphy.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Oea (Tripoli)
Phoenician to Ottoman (7th c BCE–present) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Islamic
Phoenician Emporion under Tripoli with 163 CE tetrapylon arch of Marcus Aurelius and silted harbour.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient port
Leptis Magna — Hannibal's House? no — harbour and Hippodrome submergence
Phoenician 1100 BCE → Roman Septimian 211 CE Arch of Septimius, harbour 200 CE Severan 600 m lighthouse 35 m high · Phoenician Leptis (Neapolis) → Roman Septimius Severus hometown (Emperor 193 CE) harbour built hometown glory
Leptis Magna harbour Italian 1920s, Severus hometown 200.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zawila
Islamic Fezzan (8th–15th c. CE; peak 10th–13th c.) · Garamantian / Islamic (Ibadi-Berber)
Zawila (Zuwayla) in Fezzan is a medieval Garamantian–Islamic oasis city, 8th–15th c. capital after Germa (Garama) decline.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Leptis Magna
Phoenician to Byzantine (7th c BCE–643 CE; Severan peak 193–235 CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Best-preserved Roman city in Africa, Leptis Magna Phoenician foundation (7th c BCE) expanded under Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211 CE native son): Arch of Septimius Severus, Basilica…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Wassu Quarry Outlier — Fezzan (Sebha)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Wassu Quarry Outlier in Fezzan, Libya is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) North Extramural Dunes
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Cyrenaica)
Dune suburb of Hadrianopolis with fish vats and submerged mole.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Tocra — Taucheira Hellenistic Fort Byzantium Bolli
Greek Archaic (510 BCE Battus II colonization) → Byzantine Justinian wall 530 CE · Greek Cyrene colonization Dorieus? Taucheira 510 BCE
Tocra Boardman 1950s Taucheira Greek 510.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress
Garamantian (500 BCE–600 CE) capital; foggara peak 200 BCE · Garamantian (Berber Saharan state)
Germa excavated by Daniels 1970s and Mattingly 1990s, foggaras 5th c. BCE, 100k tumuli field nearby.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice — Benghazi Hellenistic Port Wall Laser-Gated
Hellenistic Berenice 246 BCE Ptolemy III → Roman to Arab 642 CE · Hellenistic Berenice (Benghazi) port
Berenice excavated by Lloyd 1960s Benghazi grid.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Darnis (Derna)
Greek to Islamic (5th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman / Byzantine / Islamic
Pentapolis metropolis at Derna with harbour moles and layered cathedral-mosque.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Erythron (Latrun)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Red-soil harbour with bath-kiln and Mid Roman amphora production.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila Oasis Complex
Garamantian to Islamic (5th c. BCE–present) · Garamantian / Berber / Islamic
Herodotean palm grove oasis with foggaras and ksour granaries (200 chambers).
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Barca (Al Marj / El Merj) – Pentapolis Interior Capital
Greek / Roman · Greek (Cyrenean)
Agrarian interior capital of Pentapolis founded 560 BCE by Cyrene exiles, mother of Ptolemais port. Agora terrace, Amun temple, theatre and Hellenistic walls.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Sabratha Theatre Pulpitum Frieze
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Sabratha Theatre Pulpitum Frieze in Zawiya, Sabratha, Libya is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Berenice (Benghazi) - Berenike
Archaic Greek to Islamic (6th c BCE–7th c CE; Hellenistic–Roman peak) · Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman / Jewish / Byzantine
Ptolemaic queen-city beneath Benghazi with salt-marsh promontory, Jewish menorah mosaic and silted harbour.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Old Town of Ghadames
Roman to Modern (19 BCE–present; medieval ksar 7th c CE onward) · Garamantine / Berber Ibadi / Arab / Ottoman
UNESCO saharan ksar Ghadames — whitewashed roof-terrace oasis fed by Ain Al Faras.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Zinchecra
Iron Age Saharan (900 BCE–200 CE) · Proto-Garamantian / Garamantian
80-m black-capped mesa hillfort 900–400 BCE pre-Garamantian stone rampart enclosing 2-ha citadel.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) – Cyrenaican Harbour Town
Hadrianic to Byzantine (125 CE – 7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Cyrenaica)
Hadrian's Cyrenaican harbour foundation with mole, basilica and cisterns, linking Pentapolis coastal road; Synesius epistles mention bishop.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Phycus (Naustathmos)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Submerged roadstead at Ras al Hilal with quay blocks 2–4 m deep.