🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Paunar
Vakataka (420–550 CE) with Mauryan–Satavahana precursor · Vakataka (Deccan Gupta-age)
Pravarapura—Vakataka capital (420 CE)—700×600 m fortified mound with grid plan on Dham River.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Kerkouane
Punic (Carthaginian) 6th–3rd c BCE · Carthaginian (Phoenician diaspora)
Only surviving pure Punic town, abandoned c.256 BCE with intact street grid, peristyle houses and purple-dye works.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Marcahuamachuco
Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon (400 – 800 CE) · Huamachuco / Wari-related
Marcahuamachuco in La Libertad, Peru is a Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon (400 – 800 CE) ancient city attributed to Huamachuco / Wari-related culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria – Sunken Bosporan Capital
Archaic Greek to Medieval (543 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Khazar / Byzantine / Russian
Greatest Greek city of Taman — one third now submerged under Taman Bay containing harbour and lower town.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Tres Zapotes
Formative to Classic 1500 BCE–400 CE (Olmec 1500–400 BCE, Epi-Olmec 400 BCE–400 CE with Long Count) · Olmec → Epi-Olmec / Izapan (post-Olmec; nexus to early Maya Long Count)
Long-lived Olmec termination and epi-Olmec center bridging Formative to Classic (1500 BCE–400 CE, Long Count Stela C 32 BCE = second-oldest Long Count date in Mesoamerica after Chiapa de Corzo): 2…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Euhesperides
Archaic to Hellenistic (600–250 BCE) · Greek / Hellenistic
Abandoned c.250 BCE lagoon promontory synoecized to Berenice, preserved smash floors under sabkha.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Sutkagen Dor
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization, Makran coastal facies)
Westernmost Harappan (2600–1900 BCE)—17.5 ha walled Dasht port with 12-m walls, Arabian Sea trade terminus.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Bagawat Necropolis (Kharga Oasis)
Late Period to Early Islamic (510 BCE–700 CE; peak Christian 4th–7th c) · Persian-Egyptian / Early Christian Coptic
263-mudbrick vaulted domed chapels 4th–7th c with Exodus frescoes above Hibis Persian temple 40 m.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Buried city
Utica – Silted Punic–Roman Harbour Lost 12 km Inland
Phoenician to Arab (1101 BCE – 7th c. CE; Roman capital 146–46 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian / Roman
1124 BCE Tyrian harbour older than Carthage — two cothons now 12 km inland under Medjerda alluvium, textbook delta progradation.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Kition Bamboula – Phoenician Harbour of Larnaca
Mycenaean to Ptolemaic (13th c. BCE – 312 BCE) · Mycenaean / Phoenician / Cypriot Cypro-Classical
Phoenician copper harbour whose Astarte temple and shipshed ramp lie –1 to –4 m under modern Larnaca bay fill.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Gò Cấm and Mỹ Sơn vicinity (Maliang region)
Sa Huỳnh (500 BCE–200 CE) → Champa (200–1500 CE) → Vietnamese · Sa Huỳnh → Cham (Austronesian maritime)
Champa coastal port complex (c.2 c. BCE–15 c. CE) at Gò Cấm, Quảng Nam — 5 ha delta port with Chinese Han–Tang sherds, Indian Rouletted Ware, Mediterranean glass, and Cham kiln cluster, excavated…
🇦🇱 Albania · Submerged site
Apollonia of Illyria (Pojan) – Submerged Aous Harbour on Vjosë
Archaic to Roman (588 BCE – 400 CE) · Corinthian–Corcyrean / Illyrian / Hellenistic / Roman
Corinthian river harbour 7 km inland now – quay 40 m at +0.5 to –1 m on fossil Vjosë channel.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Marea — Lake Mareotis Western Harbour Submerged (Phi loxene)
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (c.300 BCE – 700 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Alexandria's wine port on Lake Mareotis — western harbour jetties 0.3–1 m submerged under Mariout floating silt, amphora town.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Western Emporium Anchorage at Taman Strait (Western Strait)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Western strait emporium of Patrai at Taman Strait — 70 m mole at –3 m and customs quay with moorings.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient city
Makimuku (Sakurai)
Yayoi Late 100–250 CE → Kofun Early 250–350 CE (Yamatai → Yamato) · Yayoi → Kofun transition (Yamato initial urbanism)
Yamato proto-city (180–300 CE) at Sakurai foot Mt. Miwa — 3 km village with palace pillars and Himiko Yamatai candidate (Wei Zhi 240 CE).
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Huaytará Inca Temple (Huaytara)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial (c.1440–1532 CE) · Inca (Pachacuti – Huanca integration)
Intact Inca palace-temple (1450–1530, Inca Pachacuti–Topa period) uniquely fused with Spanish church San Juan Bautista (1570s): walls 3 m thick coursed imperial Inca ashlar with 28 trapezoidal niches…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Maheshwar Narmada Ghat Settlement
Chalcolithic 1600 BCE → Early Historic 6th c BCE → Paramara 10th c → Holkar 1760s · Malwa → Mahishmati Mahabharata → Paramara–Holkar
Maheshwar Narmada Ghat Settlement — ancient Mahishmati (Mahabharata, Kalidasa) on Narmada ghat 2 km north of Navdatoli, excavated with Navdatoli 1952–57 showing Early Historic Mart 6th c BCE → Gupta…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Habuba Kabira (Ursu?)
Late Uruk (LC5) southern colony · Uruk (southern Mesopotamian)
Uruk planned colonial city (c.3500–3300 BCE, LC5, contemporary with Jemdet Nasr south) on Euphrates terrace — mother colony that proved Uruk expansion: fully gridded 18-ha walled town built ex novo…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tipasa
Phoenician / Roman / Early Christian · Phoenician / Roman / Christian
Phoenician-Roman-Christian cape town with Great 7-aisle basilica (largest in Africa) and St Salsa martyrion.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Capsa (Gafsa)
Epipaleolithic to Modern (10,000 BCE-present; peak Capsian 8000-6000 BCE and Roman 1st-4th c CE) · Capsian Epipaleolithic / Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Capsian oasis fortress Capsa.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Aspero
Late Archaic (3000 – 1800 BCE) · Caral-Supe
Aspero in Lima, Peru is a Late Archaic (3000 – 1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Caral-Supe culture.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Dalverzin Tepe Surkhandarya
Greco-Bactrian 3rd c BCE → Kushan 1st–3rd c CE · Greco-Bactrian → Kushan Bactria
Dalverzin Tepe Surkhandarya — Greco-Bactrian → Kushan fortified city (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) on Surkhandarya plain 30 km NE Denau, excavated 1960s–80s by G.A. Pugachenkova and Turgunov (Uzbek).
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Hwando
Hwando (Chinese: 丸都; pinyin: Wandu) is a mountain fortress of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, built to protect Goguryeo's second capital, Gungnae.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Chicanná Structure II Pyramid — Bec Valley
Late Classic Maya, c.600-830 CE (Río Bec–Chenés, Late Classic) · Maya (Río Bec–Chenés)
Chicanná (House of Serpent Mouth, Bec Valley, Campeche) Structure II: 4-crown Río Bec pyramid (12 m high) with steep false stair, twin pseudo-temples and central monster-mouth portal (Chenés witz…