🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Labraunda Zeus Temple — Karian Sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos
Hekatomnid to Roman (351 BCE – 300 CE) · Hekatomnid Karian to Roman Mylasa
Mountain Zeus sanctuary 680 m with Maussollian androns on sacred way from Milas.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Tamuda (Tetouan)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (2nd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Moorish–Roman Tamuda at Tetouan with Punic fort and garum factories destroyed AD 40.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Mundigak
Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–2000 BCE, Helmand Culture) · Helmand / Mundigak–Shahr-i Sokhta
Helmand Culture capital 55 km NW of Kandahar — 75×32 m Bronze Age palace with 10 m sequence.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Samsat Höyük (Samosata)
Chalcolithic to Ottoman (peak Neo-Hittite to Roman) · Kura-Araxes → Neo-Hittite → Achaemenid → Commagenean → Roman
Capital mound of Commagene (Samosata) on a Euphrates meander, now island in Atatürk Reservoir. Pre-dam excavations revea...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Sadd el-Kafara South Embankment — Wadi Garawi Secondary Dam Wing
Old Kingdom Early Dynastic–3rd Dynasty (2700 – 2600 BCE) · Egyptian Old Kingdom (Sneferu–Djoser period)
South wing of oldest masonry dam 2650 BCE 113 m long unfinished collapse in Wadi Garawi.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Didyma Eastern Temenos — Apollo Temple Sacred Precinct
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 250 CE) · Milesian Greek to Hellenistic Seleucid to Roman
Eastern hypaethral adyton with sacred spring and stadium of Branchidae oracle.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Heraclea at Latmus Athena Temple — Endymion Mountain City Sanctuary
Hellenistic (300–150 BCE) foundation over Archaic · Hellenistic Lysimachan Heracleans with Karian memory
Athena peripteros 6×11 on cyclopean walled acropolis above Bafa Lake Endymion heroon.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Karanpura
Early to Mature Harappan (c.3300–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Drishadvati Harappan town 60 km west of Hisar — fortified Early Harappan to planned Mature grid.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxnohcah
Middle Preclassic to Late Classic 1000 BCE–950 CE, Mirador Basin fluorescence · Maya (Mirador Basin Preclassic)
Huge Preclassic center on basin SE ridge 15 km N of Calakmul: massive E-Group (355 m platform) aligning equinox sunrise, Triadic Structure A 30 m pyramid, and Late Classic intrusive occupation after…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Afrosiab (Afrasiyab)
Achaemenid to Mongol (c.500 BCE–1220 CE, Sogdian peak 6th–8th cent CE) · Sogdian / Kushan / Islamic
Ancient Samarkand (Maracanda) — 220 ha Sogdian walled plateau with 7th-century Afrasiab murals of Eurasian envoys.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Castellum Dimmidi (El Hadjira Outpost)
Roman (198–260 CE) · Roman (Numidia, Severan frontier)
Southernmost Roman desert burgus near El Hadjira with Palmyrene ostraca.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Ancient city
Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura Period 377 BCE–1017 CE (peak 1st–10th c CE) · Sinhalese Theravada Buddhist (Anuradhapura Kingdom)
Sinhalese capital for 1,400 years (377 BCE–1017 CE) and great Theravada monastic center with three 4th–2nd c BCE brick dagabas among tallest premodern structures: Jetavanaramaya (originally 122 m,…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Mastuma
Early Bronze III – Iron II (to Late Roman) · Amorite/Aramaean – Luwian
Idlib plain fortified tell (2500–550 BCE) with 30-season Japanese excavation sequence.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Tell
Gazargamu Nguru Palaeolake Mound
Late Kanem-Bornu (15th–18th c. CE) · Kanuri (Bornu)
Lake-fishery satellite tell west of Bornu capital on Nguru fen fen.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Wadi Dhana South Dam — Sabaean Southern Oasis Spillway
Sabaean to Himyarite (800 BCE – 575 CE) · Sabaean Kingdom (Saba) and Himyarite maintenance
South dam and spillway of Sabaean 763 m rock-fill marvel feeding southern oasis.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
State Historical Park Ancient Merv
Achaemenid 6th c BCE to Timurid 18th c CE (Seljuk peak 11th–13th c) · Parthian / Seljuk / Timurid (Persian-Central Asian)
Four superimposed cities of Merv oasis on Murghab alluvium: Erk Kala Achaemenid citadel, Gyaur Kala Hellenistic-Parthian double-walled (Antiochia Margiana), Sultan Kala Seljuk capital (world's…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil)
Early Bronze to Old Assyrian · Akkadian → Amorite Assyrian
Akkadian provincial capital turned Assyrian royal city Shubat-Enlil (Shamshi-Adad I c.1813–1791 BCE), with 90 ha walled city, Akkadian palace on Acropolis, and the Weiss 4.2ka climate event…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Ozbaki (Uzbaki)
Medes to Early Bronze (c.7000 BCE–Medes 7th c. BCE) · Medes–Achaemenid transition plus prehistoric Tappeh
Nine-period mound 15 km SSW of Qazvin with Halil Tepe–like sequence: Median mudbrick fortress + intact brick vault & rampart (oldest in Iran), Edriss Iron-Age citadel, Ozbaki Maad temple?
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Tacapae (Gabes Oasis Port)
Punic to Islamic (6th c. BCE–11th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Oasis harbour at Wadi Gabes mouth with palm-grove cothon.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Euromos Zeus Lepsynos — Milas Plain Corinthian Sanctuary
Hellenistic to Roman Hadrianic (200 BCE – 200 CE) · Karian to Roman Asia Euromian
Best-preserved Corinthian Zeus temple 6×11 with 17 standing columns at Milas plain.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Temple complex
Fayaz Tepe Buddhist Monastery
Kushan (1st–3rd century CE) · Kushan Buddhist
Kushan Buddhist monastery on Termez oasis — fresco hall with Alexander-processional mural (1st–3rd cent CE).
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Temple complex
Go Thap
Funan to Chenla (5th–12th century CE, Oc Eo phase 5th–7th, Chenla later) · Oc Eo → Chenla → Khmer
Plain of Reeds island temple (5th–12th cent) — 10 ha Funan–Chenla brick sanctuary in Dong Thap Muoi.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Iskanwaya
Late Intermediate Mollo 1145–1425 CE, pre-Inca before Inca annexation · Mollo (Andean Late Intermediate, west Cordillera Real)
Mollo hilltop city on east slope Cordillera Real at 1672 m with 90 rectangular houses of pirca (rough stone) on 13 terraces, streets and plazas on slope, dry-stone walls 2 m high, first reported by…