🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Knossos Palace
Minoan Neopalatial 1700–1450 BCE, origin 1900 BCE Old Palace · Minoan civilization
Minoan palatial maze of 1300 rooms - Labyrinth origin and Europe's first advanced palace.
GR · Submerged site
Aegina Kolonna – Bronze Age Harbour Town Submerged at Kolonna
Early Bronze to Mycenaean (3200–1100 BCE harbour) · Early Helladic / Minoanizing / Mycenaean
Early Bronze Saronic harbour — Kolonna fortified town whose mole now 2 m under Aegina Bay.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Lothal
Mature Harappan 2450–1900 BCE · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan port town (2450–1900 BCE) on Sabarmati palaeochannel near Gulf of Khambhat, famed for 37×22 m brick basin interpreted as dockyard and tidal lock.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Sagzabad
Late Bronze to Iron II (c.1400–800 BCE) · Central Plateau Iron Age (grey ware → red ware) → Median precursor
Iron Age I–II fortified town (12 ha, 12 m high) on the Qazvin plain, excavated by E.O. Negahban. Early Iron (c.1400–900...
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Yin Xu (Ruins of Yin at Anyang)
Late Shang Dynasty c.1300–1046 BCE (Anyang period) · Shang Chinese
Late Shang capital (1300–1046 BCE) on Huan River, premier Bronze Age urban site of East Asia covering 30 km² with palatial foundations, royal tombs (Fu Hao intact 76), 150,000 oracle bones with…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Taxila
Gandhara 6th c BCE–5th c CE (Achaemenid to late Kushan) · Gandharan / multi-empire (Persian, Greek, Buddhist)
Palimpsest city spanning Gandhara civilization 6th c BCE–5th c CE with three successive cities (Bhir Mound, Sirkap, Sirsukh) and Buddhist monastery complex Dharmarajika.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Hazna I
Early Bronze III–IV (c.2600–2100 BCE) · Early Jezirah III Ebla-contact
9-m step-terrace temple at Tell Hazna overlooking Khabur–Sinjar pass, stair and altar with Ebla-style cylinder seals, Soviet-Joint campaign 1988–2010 (Munchaev) exposing three ritual phases.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Horvat Qitmit
Iron IIB–C (c.700–600 BCE) · Edomite (with Judean/ Arabian influence)
Iron II Edomite open-air shrine (c.700–600 BCE) on a hilltop in the Negev, excavated by Itzhaq Beit-Arieh. Single-phase...
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Jebel Khaled
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE–600 CE; Seleucid foundation 301 BCE) · Seleucid → Roman → Byzantine Euphrates
Seleucid gridded city (301 BCE) on Euphrates east bank — fossil Hellenistic plan at Jebel Khaled.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thuburbo Minus (Tebourba) – Amphitheatre & Capitol
Roman (1st c BCE – 7th c CE; colony under Hadrian) · Roman (Africa Proconsularis) / Early Christian
Road town on the fertile Medjerda floodplain, Thuburbo Minus became Hadrianic colonia with Capitol, baths, amphitheatre (56×46 m oval) destroyed 1680 for bridge stone, and olive pr...
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Zagheh
Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic (c.6000–4300 BCE) · Qazvin Plain Chalcolithic → Sialk I–II related
Chalcolithic painted-ware village (4 ha) on the Qazvin plain, excavated by Negahban and Malek Shahmirzadi. Late Neolithi...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Qadesh-Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat)
Iron I–II (c.1200–600 BCE) · Israelite/Judahite → Assyrian Negev administration
Stratified Iron Age desert fortress (65 × 55 m) at the oasis spring Ain el-Qudeirat, identified with biblical Kadesh-Bar...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Cillium (Kasserine)
Roman Imperial (Flavian–Byzantine, 1st–7th c. CE) · Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Roman colonia with Flavius mausoleum, Severan arch and 2nd-c. dam.
GR · Submerged site
Pheia – Submerged Harbour of Olympia at Agios Andreas
Mycenaean to Late Roman (LH III – 5th c. CE harbour) · Mycenaean / Elean / Olympic
Olympia seaport — Homeric Pheia harbour basin and Pontikokastro islet now 4–6 m under Katakolo Bay.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Ghabristan
Late Chalcolithic to EBA (c.4000–2900 BCE) · Sialk III–IV → Uruk-related → Early Bronze Central Plateau
Chalcolithic double-mound (5 ha) on the Qazvin plain, excavated by E.O. Negahban and later Tehran University. Sequence L...
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom (Ji'an)
Koguryo Kingdom 37 BCE–668 CE (Five Kingdoms period) – tombs 4th–7th c · Koguryo (proto-Korean in Manchuria)
Forty tombs of Koguryo Kingdom (37 BCE–668 CE) on Yalu, including General's Tomb (400 CE) – 31 m stepped pyramid of cut granite 12 layers recalling Mesoamerican form, and murals of lotus, hunting and…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Tell el-Burak
MB II (c.2000–1600 BCE) · Canaanite MB II coastal → Phoenician
Small Middle Bronze II fortified town (1.6 ha) on a coastal hill south of Sidon, Lebanese-German excavations by Uwe Fink...
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Hayonim Cave
Middle Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic (c.250 ka–3500 BCE) · Mousterian → Aurignacian → Kebaran → Natufian → Chalcolithic
Multi-period cave (6 m deposits) above the Hayonim terrace, excavated by Tamar Noy and Anna Belfer-Cohen. Sequence Moust...
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
La Muerta Mirador Basin
Late Preclassic Mirador fluorescence 400 BCE–150 CE · Maya (Mirador Basin)
Mirador Basin satellite 10 km SE of El Mirador on 12 km raised sacbe to Nakbe. Structure 1 retains 6 m stucco sculpture of jaguar paw and Structure 2 has cranial caches.
🇬🇭 Ghana · Ancient city
Begho (Brong-Ahafo) – Akan Gold Entrepôt
Late Iron Age / Akan · Akan (Brong) / Wangara / Kramo
Iron-curtain city of 10,000+ (11th–18th c) at Akan–Niger gold, kola, cloth and Saharan salt crossroads.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Ancient city
Mahasthangarh (Ancient Pundranagara)
Mauryan 4th c BCE → Pala 12th c · Mauryan → Sunga → Gupta → Pala
Ancient Pundranagara — Mauryan–Pala fortified city (4th c BCE–13th c CE) on Karatoya at Mahasthangarh, 12 km north Bogra. 1.5 km rampart, citadel mound, 1928–29 P.C.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Tell Arqa
Neolithic to Crusader (c.6000 BCE–1300 CE; peak EB–Iron) · Halaf → EBA Levantine → Amorite → Egyptian–Canaanite → Phoenician → Crusader
Coastal plain tell near the Akkar river, French-Lebanese excavations by Jean-Paul Thalmann since 1978. Continuous Neolit...
GR · Submerged site
Anthedon – Submerged Harbour of Boeotia on Euboean Gulf
Mycenaean to Late Roman (LH – 3rd c. CE; Theban peak 5th–4th BCE) · Mycenaean / Boeotian / Theban
Boeotian shipyard port — twin 400 m moles at 3–4 m depth on Euboean Gulf, Theban naval base.
🇧🇩 Bangladesh · Temple complex
Paharpur (Somapura Mahavihara)
Pala Buddhist 8th–12th c CE · Pala Buddhist Mahayana–Vajrayana
Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur — largest single Buddhist vihara south of Himalaya (27-acre cruciform complex) built c.781–820 CE by Dharmapala Pala on Barind alluvium. Excavated 1923–34 by D.R.