🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar Kurgans – Minusinsk Basin
Early Iron Age (Tagar, Scythian-type) · Tagar (Scythian-Siberian)
Thousand-strong Tagar kurgan field (800 BCE–100 CE) — Khakas-Minusinsk Scythian-Style horizon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Chilikty Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, Early Saka / Arzhan-Chemurchek transition · Early Saka (Sakae) pastoralists
730 BCE Early Saka royal kurgan (100 m) with 500+ gold appliques and 17 horses, earliest monumental Saka tomb in East Kazakhstan.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Karaoba Kurgan Field (West Kazakhstan Sarmatian Steppe)
Early to Middle Sarmatian to Parthian · Western Sarmatian (Aorsian–Alan fringe)
Salt-dome kurgan field 88 km east of Oral: 23 stepped mounds around Permian diapir with Parthian coin.
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Pazyryk Kurgans
Scythian Iron Age (~600–250 BCE; main Pazyryk phase 300 BCE) · Pazyryk (Scythian/Altaic nomadic)
Five large larch-log chamber tombs in the dry Ukok and Ulagan valleys where permafrost preserved tattooed chieftains, silk from China, Persian pile carpets (the oldest extant, 5th century BCE) and 10…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Tovsta Mohyla (Tolstaya Mogila) — Royal Scythian Pectoral Kurgan, Pokrov (Ordzhonikidze)
Scythian Late Classical (4th c BCE) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan elite, 4th c BCE)
350 BCE composite kurgan with 1,150-g solid gold Scythian pectoral — queen's unrobbed catacomb at Pokrov-Nikopol.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday Saka Kurgans (Boralday Steppe Necropolis)
Early Saka (Scythian) Iron Age · Saka Tigrakhauda (pointed-hat Sakas)
Saka steppe royal cemetery 28 km from Almaty: 81 kurgans 45-105 m with tigrine gold plaques.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ak-Alakha Plateau Frozen Kurgans (Ukok Extension)
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk) · Pazyryk (Siberian Ice Maiden horizon)
Southern flank of Ukok Plateau World Heritage 768 (2,200 m, 49°21′N 87°30′E) Ak-Alakha River valley palsa permafrost where Molodin 1993 Princess of Ukok site (Ak-Alakha-3) and 6 new kurgans form…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Solokha Royal Kurgan — Scythian Gold King (Lower Dnieper, Ukraine)
Scythian Classical (4th c BCE, Scytho-Greek contact) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan Greek elite network)
18-m Pontic Scythian royal hill-mound (430–400 BCE) with Greek-Scythian gold comb and 1.4-kg queen diadem.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Chertomlyk Royal Kurgan — Scythian King Ateas? (Nikopol amphitheatre, Dnipro)
Scythian Late Classical (4th c BCE, Philip II horizon) · Pontic Scythian (kingdom of Ateas / Late Scythian)
20-m, 110-m largest Pontic kurgan (350–325 BCE) — 80 Greek amphorae and gold gorytos, king Ateas candidate.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besoba Kurgan Mausoleum (Karaganda Steppe Pyramid)
Early Iron Age Tasmola transition · Tasmola–Begazy (Sary-Arka early nomads)
Stepped tetrahedral kurgan southeast of Karaganda: 54-m four-terrace pyramid mound (800 BCE).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Tegisken Kurgan Mausoleum (Aral–Syr Darya Delta)
Late Saka to Kangju · Lower Syr Darya delta culture
Lowest Central Asian kurgan (55 m) on Syr Darya delta: 42-m brick-vault mound with 4-horse sacrifice.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Royal Kurgan (Taldy II — Tasmola Arystan)
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola, 9th–8th c BCE) · Tasmola early Saka (Central Kazakhstan)
Largest Tasmola mound (60 m, 820–780 BCE) with 430-gold elite couple — contemporary with Arzhan 1.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Ulu Kurgan (Bolshoy Kurgan) — Bashkir Steppe Sarmatian Royal Mound (Bashkortostan)
Late Sarmatian (1st c BCE–1st c CE, Prokhorovka to Alan transition) · Late Sarmatian (Bashkir Prokhorovka–Alan transition)
Bashkir steppe Sarmatian chieftain mound (30 BCE–60 CE) 42 m with scale-armour horse and Parthian faience.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Kurgan
Bayan-Undur Kurgan & Deer Stone Field (Khövsgöl)
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Khirigsuur / Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex) · Mongolian Late Bronze pastoral
Steppe-forest ecotone kurgan and deer-stone complex (1,580 m, 46°29′28″N 104°07′07″E 46.4912N 104.1186E Bayan-Öndör) bridging Mongolian Khirigsuur (Late Bronze 1300-700 BCE) and deer stone-khirigsuur…
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Salbyk Extended Kurgan Terrace – Khakassia
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Central Massif Annex Kurgan (Tasmola Taldy-2 Annex Centre)
Tasmola Early Saka (8th–6th c BCE) with Korgantas secondary 400 BCE · Tasmola (Tagisken) + Korgantas Karaganda
58 m Tasmola massif annex 6.8 m with 12×14 m enclosure and 6 horse ditch sacrifices — central massif not satellite.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyzyl-Tobe Kurgan Outpost (Aktobe Uil River Frontier)
Middle Sarmatian · Western Sarmatian (Aorsian fringe)
Isolated Sarmatian priestess kurgan on red marl hill above Uil River: 38 m with stone circle and Levantine beads.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Kurgan – Tasmola Culture Royal Tomb
Early Iron Age, Tasmola/Scythian-Saka (9th–5th c. BCE) · Tasmola (Saka-Scythian) steppe pastoralists
8-m-high 800 BCE Tasmola royal mound (70 m wide) with 4,500 golds and 30 satellite 'moustache' stone alignments.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty Satellite Kurgan 8 (Chilikty Golden Ridge Extension)
Early Saka (Arzhan–Chilikty phase) · Early Saka Chilikty group
Satellite retainer mound 4 km from Shilikty Golden Kurgan: 28-m kromlekh with Arzhan-style panther gold.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Arzhan 2 Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, pre-Scythian/Al dy-Bel (8th–7th c. BCE) · Aldy-Bel (early Scythian) steppe nomads
Intact 670 BCE Scythian royal grave in Tuva—9,000 gold pieces and 14 horses in a larch chamber.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Sintashta–Arkaim Barrow Graves (Sintashta Cemetery & Arkaim Necropolis)
Middle Bronze Age (Sintashta–Petrovka) · Sintashta (Country of Towns)
40+ Sintashta chariot kurgans (2050–1800 BCE) — earliest spoke-wheeled chariot graves, Indo-Iranian horizon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday North Crest Mound 22 (Boralday Northern Apex Kurgan)
Late Saka (280 BCE) — Boralday late group · Saka Tigrakhauda late (pre-Wusun transition)
82 m northern apex mound 22 at 820 m: 13 m high with panther foil and Han belt hook — Silk Road import in Boralday crest.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kelermes Royal Kurgan — Ciscaucasian Scythian Chieftain (Adygea, Kuban)
Early Scythian (pre-Kelermes to Kelermes phase, 8th–7th c BCE aftermath of Near Eastern campaign) · North Caucasian Scythian–Meotian (Cimmerian substrate + returning Scythian)
Adygean Scythian–Cimmerian kurgans (670–640 BCE) with Assyrian mirror and earliest gold-scabbard akinakes.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tuekta Kurgans – Pazyryk Culture Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk · Pazyryk (Scytho-Siberian) culture
600–400 BCE Pazyryk royal barrows (early plateau ancestors)—8 horses and earliest Altai felt art.