🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Conanoxa South Terrace Geoglyphs (Quebrada Conanoxa Sur)
Late Intermediate Gentilar · Camarones–Conanoxa Gentilar
Conanoxa south terrace: 14 inverted additive ring geoglyphs mirroring north-bank Camarones.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi al-Hasa Desert Kites (Karak Plateau)
Neolithic (PPNB to Late Neolithic) · Southern Jordan Neolithic
Southernmost Jordanian kite field on the Karak limestone plateau (620 m, 31°03′N 35°45′E) above Wadi al-Hasa gorge (tributary of Mujib).
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Chandman Mountain Kurgan Field – Uvs Valley
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk-related) · Chandman / Pazyryk (Uyuk–Chandman)
35 Pazyryk-hybrid kurgans (700–300 BCE) — frozen felt graves on Chandman piedmont.
🇺🇸 United States · Geoglyph
Bouse Fisherman Intaglio (Fisherman Geoglyph)
Late Prehistoric (Patayan) · Yuman (Mojave/Quechan)
9-m Fisherman intaglio (900–1200 CE) on Plomosa piedmont — spearman with fish and sun.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Pativilca-Fortaleza Geoglyphs (Paramonga Pampa)
Initial Period to Late Intermediate (Casma-Sechín to Chimú) · Casma-Sechín / Paramonga / Chimú
Inter-valley pampa (380 m) between Río Pativilca and Río Fortaleza, 4 km east of Paramonga fortress, with 26 anthropogenic lines and trapezoids on pale alluvial terrace.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Thumamah Plateau Mustatil Field (Riyadh Region)
Late Neolithic (Arabian Neolithic) · Central Arabian Late Neolithic
Easternmost mustatil province (620 m, 25°39′N 46°39′E) on Thumamah limestone plateau 80 km NE of Riyadh, pushing mustatil distribution 400 km east of Dawadmi core.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chala Pampa Coastal Geoglyphs (Caravelí Coast)
Early Horizon to Early Intermediate (Paracas-Nazca transition) · Huarato / Gramalote coastal
Fog-oasis (lomas) fringe geoglyphs on Chala Pampa (180 m) 6 km inland from Pacific, marking guanaco trap corridors between lomas loma fog-meadows and desert.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Turtle Mound
Late Archaic to late pre-contact St. Johns II (c.800 BCE–1565 CE, major 600–1400 CE) · St. Johns (Ais/Surruque ancestors)
Largest shell mound in mainland United States—St. Johns II / late prehistoric (600–1400 CE) oyster-shell midden-mound 30 ft high (≈15 m) extending 600 ft long × 180 ft wide (≈183×55 m), volume…
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Geoglyph
Harrat ar-Rahah Kite Chain (Tabuk Highlands)
Early Holocene moist phase (Neolithic) · Hijaz Neolithic lava-field hunters
Volcanic-field kites (1,100 m, 27°24′N 37°16′E) of the Harrat ar-Rahah-'Uwayrid cluster (Global Volcanism Program 27.408N 37.279E, 1700 m cluster).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Harrat al-Sham Kite Chain
Pre-Pottery Neolithic · PPN pastoralists
58-kite chain (8000–5500 BCE) along Harrat al-Sham — cross-border spine of kite province.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Geoglyph
Bir al-Abd Desert Kites (North Sinai)
Late Neolithic (El-Maghara-related) · Sinai Neolithic coastal hunters
First documented North Sinai kites (45 m asl, 31°01′N 33°09′E) on Bardawil lagoon sabkha plain south of Bir al-Abd, bridging Sinai to Negev corridor.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca de los Reyes — Main Pyramid of Caballo Muerto (Moche Valley, Peru)
Initial Period (1800–900 BCE), Early Horizon transition · Cupisnique-Caballo Muerto (Formative Andean)
Most elaborate Initial Period (1500–1200 BCE) platform pyramid (40x30 m base, U-shaped complex 55x35 m overall) within 2 km² Caballo Muerto field of eight mounds (Moche Valley).
🇮🇱 Israel · Geoglyph
Negev Makhtesh Highlands Desert Kites
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic · Timnian / Desert Chalcolithic
Negev Highlands kite cluster (480 m, 30°51′N 34°51′E) on makhtesh (crater) rim plateaux between Ramon (30°35′N 34°50′E) and Har Harif, extending the Israeli Negev kite province beyond the three known…
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Messak Settafet
Pleistocene to Islamic (Middle Stone Age to Camel Period) · Bubalus hunter-gatherers / Pastoralists / Garamantes / Tuareg
350-km sandstone cuesta Messak Settafet — 15,000 engravings and lithic quarries spanning 12 ka.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur North Pampa Geoglyphs (Pampa Salar Sur Norte)
Late Intermediate (Atacama Tarapacá) · Atacameño (Likan Antai) caravan
Salar del Sur north pampa: 24 geometric avenues on Antofagasta deflation plain toward Tulán.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Boroo Gol Kurgan Terrace – Selenge River Valley
Late Bronze to Xiongnu Early Iron · Slab Grave / Xiongnu
30 Slab Grave to Xiongnu re-used kurgans (1300 BCE–150 CE) — Selenge River terrace with Han lacquer.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hypothetical site
El Dorado — Lake Parime Uruao Extension (Manau Phantom Shore)
Holocene savanna seasonal flooding; colonial cartographic projection onto Rupununi hydrology; pre-Columbian savanna field ridges (no Manoa horizon) · Wapishana savanna field ridges (500–1500 CE) projected as Manoa by European cartographers
El Dorado Lake Parime Uruao southern seasonal varzea 2000 km² — 0.3–1 m Aug–Oct, causeways 3 km are savanna ridges misread as Manoa walls.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Earthwork
Aizkraukle Hillfort on the Daugava
Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) · Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order
Aizkraukle Hillfort on the Daugava in Vidzeme, Aizkraukle Municipality, Daugava right bank, Latvia is a Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order site built…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hypothetical site
Gran Paititi — Manú Lidar Block Pusharo East Ridge (Madre de Dios)
Hypothetical Late Horizon (?) or Late Intermediate ambiguous Pre-Columbian hypothesis · Hypothetical pre-Inca / Inca refuge re-projection (unvalidated)
Paititi second ridge east of Pusharo — 2 km rectilinear terrace 0.8 m and three 12 m mounds under canopy, forest check 1400 CE charcoal but no masonry.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Bottle Creek Indian Mounds
Mississippian Pensacola phase (1250–1550 CE) · Mississippian (Pensacola culture)
Pensacola-Mississippian island capital (1250–1550 CE) on low swamp island (0.4 sq km) in Mobile-Tensaw Delta: 18 platform and burial mounds (largest Mound A 11 m high 90×60 m) enclosing 5 plazas on…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Grand Village of the Natchez Indians
Plaquemine–historic Natchez (1200–1730 CE, observed 1682–1729) · Natchez (Plaquemine descendant – Muskogean)
Historic Natchez capital (1682–1729) directly observed by French colonists (Iberville, Le Page du Pratz), linking archaeology to eyewitness chiefdom: two platform mounds—Great Sun's Mound A (3.5 m,…
🇭🇳 Honduras · Pyramid
Copán — Temple 16 Pyramid and Hieroglyphic Stairway (Copán Department, Honduras)
Classic Maya (250–900 CE) · Maya (Copán dynasty, Yax Kuk Mo lineage)
Defining Classic Maya southeastern capital (250–900 CE) 12 km from Guatemala border, population 27,000.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
El Zotz — El Diablo Pyramid and Royal Acropolis (Petén, Guatemala)
Preclassic to Late Classic (300 BCE–750 CE) · Maya (Petén lowland, Tikal adversary)
Steep ridge-top Early Classic royal acropolis (c.300 BCE–750 CE, zenith 350–550 CE) 7 km west of Tikal's enemy El Zotz main group, dominated by 30 m high Diablo Pyramid (terraced platform with summit…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Yazoo Mounds
Plaquemine–Mississippian (700–1500 CE) · Plaquemine-Mississippian (Yazoo Basin)
Major Yazoo Basin mound center (700–1500 CE) with 20+ mounds, plazas and bastioned embankment at Lake George.