🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Bunkenburg
Bunkenburg was a castle built during the 13th and 14th centuries in the shape of a circular fort located on the banks of the Aller opposite Ahlden in north Germany.
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Alcimoennis
Alcimoennis or Alkimoennis is the name widely attached to a Celtic Oppidum, or hill fort above the modern town of Kelheim in Bavaria, Germany.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Fortress
Dynge Castle
Dynge Castle (Swedish: Dynge borgruin), also formerly known as Dyngehus, is a castle ruin in central Bohuslän, Sweden.
🇸🇾 Syria · Archaeological wonder
Krak des Chevaliers
Crusader to Mamluk (11th c Kurdish fort; Hospitaller 1142–1271; Mamluk after 1271) · Kurdish / Frankish (Hospitaller) / Mamluk
Paradigmatic concentric Crusader castle, Krak des Chevaliers was built by Kurdish emir and expanded by Knights Hospitaller 1142–1271.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Paramonga — Fortaleza de Paramonga Stair-Pyramid Border Fort
Chimú (1100–1470 CE border fortress 30 m high pyramidal fortress) later Inca 1470 reused · Chimú border fort vs Chancay/Inca; Inca reused as border 1470
Paramonga fort excavated by Cieza and Middendorf.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Thubunae (Barika) – Hodna Basin Fort
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Numidia)
Southernmost Numidian walled town 32 ha facing Hodna chott, Thubunae dominates Sahara margin with 1.8 km circuit and Donatist basilica; 411 Conference bishop list.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Katsina Hillfort of Dutsin Ma
Medieval Hausa to Sokoto period (13th–19th c. CE) · Hausa (Katsina)
Granite inselberg hillfort south of Katsina with rock gongs.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Fortress
Humayma
Humayma (Arabic: الحميمة, romanized: al-Humayma) also spelled Humeima and Humaima, is the modern name of ancient Hawara.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Burtnieki
Burtnieki (German: Burtneck) is a village (population 488) in Burtnieki Parish, Valmiera Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, near Lake Burtnieks. Administrative centre of Burtnieki Parish.
🇭🇺 Hungary · Fortress
Aquincum
Aquincum (Latin: [aˈkᶣɪŋkũː], Hungarian: [ˈɒkviŋkum]) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire.
🇦🇱 Albania · Fortress
Borsh Castle
Borsh Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Borshit) also known as Sopot Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Sopotit) from the hill it is located, is a historic castle near the village Borsh, Albania, near the coast of…
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
En Hazeva — Nabataean–Roman Road Station Annex
Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) · Nabataean then Roman (Petra–Gaza road)
En Hazeva — Nabataean–Roman Road Station Annex in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean–Roman (100 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Nabataean then Roman (Petra–Gaza road).
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tigisis (Aïn el-Bordj)
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman-Christian (Donatist/Catholic)
Episcopal twin-church city in Souk Ahras hills with schism basilicas.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Thubunae Outlier – Henchir Ksar Bou Saad
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Numidia)
Outlier fortlet of Thubunae on Hodna rim with 6-tower enceinte.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Mascula (Khenchela) – Aurès Road Station
Roman (1st–7th c CE; colony under Trajan) · Roman (Numidia)
Mountain road colony with large baths fed by Aurès springs, arch of Caracalla and Byzantine chapel, on Theveste–Lambaesis road.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Sagzabad
Iron Age II–III (c.1200–550 BCE) · Iranian Iron (Persian pre-history)
Qazvin plain Iron Age type-site: four-period red-slipped citadel with storeroom jars red-burnished late Bronze to Iron I transition, “Sagzabad Ware”.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Pampa Grande — Huaca Fortaleza Chimú Border Pyramid
Moche Late (600–750 CE Transitional Moche V state, crucial 2012 Pampa Grande polity) · Late Moche → Wari overlap 750 collapse
Pampa Grande excavated by Shimada— 600–750 Moche V large city border.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tatilti (Aïn Touta) – Mountain Refuge
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Berber
Aurès pass city with bazina tumuli and thermal baths.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Fortress
Dun Ringill
Dun Ringill (Gaelic: Dùn, 'fort', Ringill, 'point of the ravine') is an Iron Age hill fort on the Strathaird peninsula on the island of Skye, Scotland.
🇫🇷 France · Fortress
Fort Saint-Jean (Marseille)
Fort Saint-Jean (French pronunciation: [fɔʁ sɛ̃ʒɑ̃]; Occitan: Fort Sant Joan) is a fortification in Marseille, built in 1660 by Louis XIV at the entrance to the Old Port.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Fortress
Koy-Krylgan Kala — Khorezm Fortress
Achaemenid to Kushan (400 BCE–400 CE) Khorezm · Khorezmian
Koy-Krylgan Kala — Khorezm Fortress in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan is a Achaemenid to Kushan (400 BCE–400 CE) Khorezm fortress attributed to Khorezmian.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Kakavaberd
Kakavaberd or Kaqavaberd (Armenian: Կաքավաբերդ, Eastern Armenian Kak'avaberd), also known as Geghi Berd, Keghi Berd or Kegh (Գեղի բերդ Gełi Berd), is a fortress on a ridge overlooking the Azat River…
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
La Bastida de Totana — Argaric Fortified City
El Argar Bronze Age (2200–1550 BCE) · El Argar
Totana hill city excavated by Lull & Micó since 2009, type-site of Argaric urbanism, with fortified acropolis and extramural cemeteries.
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Hazeva Fort — Arava Fortress Line
Iron Age II to Roman (900 BCE–300 CE) · Judahite then Nabataean–Roman
Hazeva Fort — Arava Fortress Line in Southern District, Israel is a Iron Age II to Roman (900 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Judahite then Nabataean–Roman.