🇪🇨 Ecuador · Earthwork
Upano — Villano Valley Lidar Gardens at Villano River West (Upano West)
Regional Development (200–600 CE) · Upano (Kilimope) / Huapula fringe
Western raised fields of Upano at Villano River — 120 beds 40×8 m and 2 km canal.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar Band-e Kaisar — Roman Bridge-Dam Caesar's Dam
Sassanian (Roman capture) · Sassanian Persian, Roman legion engineers
Karun 500-m Roman arch bridge-dam by Valerian's legion 260 CE with Gargar mills, core of UNESCO Shushtar system.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Mojos — Cotoca Northern Causeway (Beni Causeway North, Mojos)
Casarabe (500–1400 CE) · Casarabe
Northern causeway of Cotoca in Mojos — 1.4 km ×10 m causeway with canals to forest island.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Ceyhan Karadağ Roman Dam (Karadağ–Ceyhan Saddle Dam, Cilician Plain)
Roman Severan 198 CE (Septimius Severus) Cilicia · Roman Cilician plain estate economy
Roman Severan 198 CE saddle dam 280 m × 8.8 m basalt riprap 65,000 m³ with 42 m spillway and 2.2 km arch aqueduct 2.8 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inkilltambo
Late Horizon (c.1430–1532 CE) Inca · Inca
Inkilltambo is a large Inca terrace-estate 2 km east of central Cusco on the Watanay's right bank at 3,520 m.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Central Reservoir Cluster K12 at Seki Lake Central (Xingu Central)
Late Pre-Columbian (900–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Central reservoir K12 of Kuhikugu at Seki isthmus — 80×60 m embanked reservoir and 900 m canal.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Amir (Amir Dam) & Kor River Cascade (Marvdasht Plain, Fars)
Sassanid to Buyid (4th c CE to 10th c CE) · Sassanid → Buyid Islamic
Kor River cascade (Sassanid 4th c → Buyid 970 CE) bridge–dam 75 m with 13 arches — Persepolis plain lifeline.
🇬🇷 Greece · Hydraulic works
Perachora Peninsula Hydraulic Aqueduct (Lechaion to Heraion)
Archaic to Hellenistic · Corinthian Greek
Perachora peninsula (45 m, 38°01′48″N 22°57′00″E 38.03,22.95) Classical to Hellenistic gravity aqueduct (5.2 km) tapping Penteskouphia springs behind Acrocorinth to supply Heraion of Perachora…
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Mojos — Casarabe Forest Island Laguna Central East (Moxos East)
Casarabe (500–1400 CE) · Casarabe
Eastern forest island laguna of Casarabe in Mojos — 12 m mound on 18 ha island and 800 m causeway.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat Baladeh – Ferdows (Ton) Qanat System
Sasanian to Early Islamic · Sasanian / Early Islamic Khorasan
35-km double-branch Sasanian qanat (500–800 CE) — 70-m mother well, 45 L/s to Ferdows oasis.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallur Chola Tank (Kallur Eri) – Thanjavur Outlier
Chola Middle (Rajaraja I) · Tamil Chola (Muvendar)
95-ha Chola eri tank (c.1010 CE) at Kallur — Brihadeeswarar temple hydraulic outlier.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Sennacherib's Canal System & Jerwan Aqueduct
Iron Age Neo-Assyrian Empire (705–681 BCE Sennacherib) · Neo-Assyrian imperial engineers under Sennacherib
690 BCE Assyrian 300-m stone arch aqueduct—world's oldest bridge-aqueduct carrying Nineveh's 80-km canal.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Kaisar (Valerian Bridge-Dam, Shushtar — Pol-e Kaisar)
Sassanid Early (Shapur I, 241–270 CE) built by Roman captives · Sassanid Persian with Roman engineering corps (Legio)
500-m Roman-Sassanid arch bridge/dam (260 CE) raising Karun for Shushtar's 10-km Gargar canal — easternmost Roman dam.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Gar and Dariun Aqueduct Extension (Greater Shushtar)
Sassanian (Shapur I) on Achaemenid · Sassanian Persian with Roman POW labour
Northern Shushtar (65 m, 32°03′N 48°51′E 32.05,48.85) hydraulic extension of UNESCO 1315 Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System (1315): Band-e Gar (Gar Dam) and Dariun Great Weir interconnect canal…
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Qasr al-Hayr East Canal Extension (Harbaqa Reservoir East Canal to Palmyra Steppe Palace)
Byzantine to Umayyad (580–728 CE) Palmyra steppe · Byzantine–Umayyad steppe palace (Hisham)
East Harbaqa canal 8.2 km rock-cut 2.2×1.4 m with 12 evaporation covers 180 m to Hayr East hayr 2.8 km wall.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
High-Level Aqueduct of Caesarea Maritima
Herodian to Byzantine (22 BCE – 640 CE) · Herodian Jewish-Roman and Roman Imperial
Herodian-Hadrianic 10-km dune arcade twin aqueducts feeding Sebastos harbour 7 km.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Nimrud Dam and Canal on the Tigris (Nimrud Foothill Dam)
Neo-Assyrian (Ashurnasirpal II) · Assyrian Imperial (Kalhu capital phase)
Kalhu's Tigris diversion rubble dam 40-m with 27-km Patti-hegalli canal 883 BCE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Ortona Indian Mounds
Late Woodland – Glades I–II (300 BCE–1150 CE) · Glades / Calusa tradition (Okeechobee Basin)
Late Woodland–Glades/Calusa affiliated town (300 BCE–1150 CE, peak 550–850) spread 5 sq mi along Caloosahatchee River north bank: 3 sand mounds (Mound A Plaza 3.5 m, Mound B and borrow mound), 2…
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Zhengguo Canal – Jingyang Irrigation Canal (Zheng Guo Qu)
Warring States to Han continuous · Qin with Han engineer Zheng Guo (鄭國)
246 BCE 'sabotage' canal that irrigated 27,000 ha and enabled Qin to unify China.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Firuzabad (Ardashir Dam) — Firuzabad Plain reservoir dam, Fars
Early Sassanid (Ardashir I–Shapur I, 224–260 CE) · Sassanid Persian (early Sasanian court)
210-m Sassanid reservoir dam (224 CE) retaining Firuzabad circular capital plain — Ardashir's desert hydraulic foundation.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Wadi Hanifah Dams (Diriyah Dam System)
Najdi Emirate to First Saudi State · Najdi oasis (Diriyah Amirship)
Wadi Hanifah: 6 Najdi 15th-18th c. wadi dams at Diriyah UNESCO site, Riyadh 24.73N 46.57E.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Hydraulic works
Zaghouan Aqueduct — Carthage Water Supply
Roman Imperial (Hadrianic, 2nd c. CE) · Roman Africa Proconsularis (Latin-Tunisian)
Hadrianic 132-km aqueduct Zaghouan to Carthage with 17-km arcade, Rome's longest.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Bir Aliqua Qanat – Ma'an Plateau (Wadi Araba fringe)
Nabataean to Late Roman · Nabataean / Roman Arabia
3.2-km Nabataean–Roman rock-cut qanat (100 BCE–400 CE) with 28 shafts — Ma'an plateau.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd Al-Rahwah Dam (Hadramawt Highland Dam)
Himyarite–Hadrami to Rasulid · Hadrami kingdom to Rasulid dynasty
Hadramawt highland: 45-m crescent dam at Shibam hinterland, Himyarite 500 BCE–Rasulid 12th c.