🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works
Exeter Ship Canal
The Exeter Ship Canal, also known as the Exeter Canal, is a canal leading from (and beside) the River Exe to Exeter Quay in the city of Exeter, Devon, England.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Jawa South Dam & Reservoir System (Wadi Rajil South Extension)
EB I (Proto-urban Chalco–EB transition) · Jawa proto-urban Black Desert (Chalcolithic-EB)
South satellite of Jawa's 3300 BCE basalt dam system: 52-m curvilinear dam impounding 2,000 m³ on Wadi Rajil.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Zayandeh River — Marnan Bridge and Hydraulic Mills
Safavid Isfahan (1598–1722) · Safavid Persian (Isfahani school, Shah Abbas)
1599 Safavid 300-m 11-arch bridge-weir with 11 pier-embedded mills and Chahar Bagh 8-km canal, Isfahan's western Zayandeh.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Hydraulic works
Karakorum — Orkhon Valley Hydraulic and Urban Canals
Mongol Empire (Ögedei to Möngke, 1235–1260) · Mongol imperial (Ögedei, Möngke, artisans Chinese–Muslim–European)
1235 Ögedei capital's 8-km Orkhon pipe to Silver Tree fountain and 60-well moated square, Bonn–Ulaanbaatar excavated.
🇮🇩 Indonesia · Hydraulic works
Saddang Ancient Canal & Rice Terrace Hydraulics (South Sulawesi Bugis)
Bugis Kingdom to early colonial · Bugis (South Sulawesi) sawah engineers
Bugis lowland hydraulic on Saddang delta: 18 km earthen canals with bamboo bunds feeding 12,000 ha sawah + tambak.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Hypothetical site
Kunduriri — Hypothetical Raised-Field Plateau North (Pando North Kunduriri)
Hypothetical Casarabe northern frontier · Hypothetical Casarabe Pando frontier
Hypothetical northern raised-field grid at Kunduriri Pando — 400 beds claim vs scroll bars.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Ayn Zubaydah West Branch Aqueduct (Makkah West Zubaydah Canal)
Abbasid Early Islamic 801–842 CE (Makkah Hajj hydraulic) · Abbasid Makkah Hajj oasis (Zubaydah patron)
Zubaydah west branch 4.2 km ashlar 0.9×0.7 m vaulted 12 m with 14 siphons: Abbasid 801/842 west distributary 0.6‰ to Wadi Fatima.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Marea — Southern Vineyard and Press Complex at Lake Mareotis South
Ptolemaic to Early Arab (300 BCE – 800 CE) · Ptolemaic / Byzantine
Southern vineyard of Marea — 4 presses and saqiya canal 4.5 m linking to harbour, now 1.8 m silted south chora.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Khettara of Hagoun High Atlas (High Atlas Hagoun Qanat)
Almoravid to Almohad 1080–1170 CE High Atlas mountain · High Atlas Berber Hagoun (Almoravid mountain oasis)
High mountain khettara 1.8 km 38 shafts to 22 m deep: Almoravid 1080 snowmelt schist 6 L/s to walnut terraces 8 ha 2200 m.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works
Shiant Isles Iron Age Vitrified Fort Cistern (Garbh Eilean Summit)
Middle Iron Age Atlantic (vitrified forte) · Minch Hebridean islanders
Summit vitrified dun (28×18 m) with plastered rock-cut rain cistern (5.5 m³) on Garbh Eilean, Shiants.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Kurit Dam — Shah Abbas Arch (Shah Abbasi Dam)
Ilkhanid to Qajar (Mongol to Qajar) · Mongol–Persian Ilkhanid hydraulic engineers (maybe Ghiyath al-Din?)
1350 Mongol thin arch 64 m with 1.05 m crest over 5-m gorge, world's tallest for 540 years (1350–1902).
🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works
Jericho–Wadi Qelt Herodian Aqueduct System (Judean Desert, Palestine)
Hasmonean to Herodian–Early Roman (100 BCE–70 CE) · Hasmonean / Herodian Judean (Hellenistic–Roman desert court)
20-km Wadi Qelt cliff aqueducts (c.20 BCE) cascading 400 m to irrigate Herod's Jericho oasis palaces and balsam plantations.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Hydraulic works
Angkor Eastern Baray Cascade & Preah Thkol Extension (East Baray Satellite)
Angkor early (Yasovarman) 9th–10th c · Khmer devaraja hydraulicians
Eastern Baray cascade satellite 4 km east of Angkor East Baray: 3 linked laterite reservoirs buffering monsoon overflow.
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft (City of David water system, Jerusalem)
Middle Bronze II to Iron Age IIA–B (1800–580 BCE) · Canaanite (Middle Bronze) → Jebusite / Israelite–Judite
Jerusalem's 1800 BCE–701 BCE fortified perennial spring and karst shaft — 1,500-year water-security evolution.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Sybaris — Northern Crati Diversion Canal Trace
Archaic to Roman (720 BCE – 193 BCE Thurii/Copia) · Achaean Greek / Krotoniate besiegers / Thurian successors
Northern canal of Kroton's 510 BCE Crati diversion drowning Sybaris — 3.2 km silted channel with revetment.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat-e Zarch – Longest Qanat in Iran
Achaemenid to present (2,500 years continuous) · Persian qanat engineers (Achaemenid, Sassanian, Safavid)
71-km Zarch qanat—longest gravity aquifer tunnel on Earth (500 BCE–Safavid).
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
La Coudraie Canalized Salt Marsh & Bri Production Site (Vendée Iron Age)
Iron Age (Hallstatt–La Tène) to early Gallo-Roman · Vendée maritime salt artisans (Armorican → Picton maritime)
Atlantic salt-marsh canal network (2.4 km, 2-4 m wide) feeding 180 evaporation pans producing 30 t sea salt/yr (Iron Age).
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Dujiangyan East Secondary Canal (Yuzui East Feeder Canal, Sichuan)
Qin 256 BCE to Han 100 BCE to Qing 1884 (Dujiangyan east feeder) · Qin–Han Shu (Sichuan) state hydraulic
East feeder canal 5.2 km ×12×2.2 m stone revet 1.2 m with bottleneck sluice 8 m: Qin 256 BCE/Han 100 BCE eastern Chengdu 820 ha.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Anabata (Anabeta) Reservoir Old City (Wadi Abu al-Qittayn Cistern City)
Hellenistic to Byzantine 250 BCE–450 CE · Hellenistic Balqa then Roman Decapolis chora
Walled twin cisterns 22×12×6 m 2,800 m³ with 420-m channel + 18 m dam closing gully — Hellenistic cistern-city 580×320 m.
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Abhaya Wewa (Abhayavapi) — Anuradhapura Ancient Reservoir
Anuradhapura period (400 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Anuradhapura Sinhalese (Sinhala hydraulic civilisation)
400 BCE 350-ha 3.8 Mm³ tank with Bisokotuwa sluice — world's earliest valve 3rd c. BCE.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Zhengguo South Distributary Canal (Zheng Guo South Branch, Jingyang South)
Warring States Qin 246 BCE to Han 120 BCE (Zhengguo south) · Qin state Wei–Jing plain with Korean Zheng Guo engineer
South distributary 18 km ×14×2.6 m hangtu levees 3 m with 6 dragon-tail weirs 42 m and fish-scale carp gates 1.2 m: Zheng 246 BCE spy-branch.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works
Crinan Canal
The Crinan Canal is a nine-mile-long (14 km) navigable canal in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Archaeological wonder
Corlea Bog Trackway Eastern Extension (Roscommon)
Iron Age (La Tène B / Gaelic Ireland) · Gaelic Iron Age Ireland
Eastern continuation (48 m asl, 53°37′N 07°50′W 53.62,-7.84 Cloonbreany 2 Cartron Rd N39 XT18) of the Iron Age Corlea Trackway (148 BC precise dendro of 18-m preserved hall, 148 BC autumn fell) bog…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib North Sluice & Northern Oasis Canal (Sadd Ma'rib al-Shamali)
Sabaean to Himyarite (8th c BCE–6th c CE) · Sabaean / Himyarite
North sluice of Great Dam of Ma'rib (750 BCE–575 CE) — 23-m cut-stone control feeding northern oasis.