🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday Saka Kurgans (Boralday Steppe Necropolis)
Early Saka (Scythian) Iron Age · Saka Tigrakhauda (pointed-hat Sakas)
Saka steppe royal cemetery 28 km from Almaty: 81 kurgans 45-105 m with tigrine gold plaques.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tamgaly Tas Kurgan Field (Ili River Terraces)
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Andronovo / Saka) + Turkic · Andronovo / Saka / Turkic
Ili River terrace kurgan field (650 m, 43°56′N 75°32′E 43.93,75.53) downstream from Tamgaly UNESCO rock-art gorge (1145), on second terrace above Ili.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Shylbyr Adjunct North Mound (Besshatyr–Shylbyr Gorge North Entrance)
Early Saka 480 BCE to Wusun 180 CE (gateway reuse) · Saka Semirechye primary; Wusun 180 CE secondary
38 m gorge-gateway sentinel 610 m: 480 BCE + Wusun 180 CE, 6 horse offering pits around base marking Shylbyr gorge mouth.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Royal Kurgan (Taldy II — Tasmola Arystan)
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola, 9th–8th c BCE) · Tasmola early Saka (Central Kazakhstan)
Largest Tasmola mound (60 m, 820–780 BCE) with 430-gold elite couple — contemporary with Arzhan 1.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Central Row Mound 8 (Besshatyr Row 1 Mound 8, Altyn-Emel)
Early Saka Semirechye (590 BCE) — Besshatyr central row · Saka Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr eastern Saka)
72 m semi-royal central row mound 8 at 640 m: larch chamber 89 gold + burnt outer house, linking south/north dynasty rows.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty Satellite Kurgan 8 (Chilikty Golden Ridge Extension)
Early Saka (Arzhan–Chilikty phase) · Early Saka Chilikty group
Satellite retainer mound 4 km from Shilikty Golden Kurgan: 28-m kromlekh with Arzhan-style panther gold.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday North Crest Mound 22 (Boralday Northern Apex Kurgan)
Late Saka (280 BCE) — Boralday late group · Saka Tigrakhauda late (pre-Wusun transition)
82 m northern apex mound 22 at 820 m: 13 m high with panther foil and Han belt hook — Silk Road import in Boralday crest.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday South Picket Row Kurgans (Boralday Southern Alignment Picket)
Late Saka to Wusun transition (180–100 BCE) · Saka late–Wusun transition (Boralday south picket)
5 south picket kurgans 18–26 m spaced 90 m: boundary sentinels with Han silk 140 BCE earliest silk in Kazakhstan.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tuyuk-Su Kurgan Cluster (Ile Alatau, Almaty)
Early Iron Age (Saka Tigrakhauda) · Saka (Central Asian Scythian)
High mountain (2,450 m, 43°13′N 77°05′E) Saka kurgan chain in Tuyuk-Su Gorge, Ile Alatau north slope above Greater Almaty moraine (Issyk Golden Man 43° north same massif).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Boralday West Steppe Kurgans (Boralday Plain West Extension)
Early Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka Tigraxauda (Almaty Saka)
Boralday west: 7 Saka mounds 45–72 m extending park 4 km toward Almaty plain.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Aktobe Besoba Terrace Kurgan (Karaganda Steppe Pyramid)
Early Saka Tasmola (6th–5th c. BCE) · Tasmola culture
Besoba terrace satellite: 32-m Tasmola kurgan 340 m south of steppe pyramid mausoleum, Karaganda.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Zhetytobe Kurgan Necropolis (Turkestan Ridge – Ancient Asativ)
Early to Middle Saka · Saka of the eastern Aral–Karatau
Seven-hills ridge with 7 giant kurgans 42-72 m plus 14 satellites: Saka necropolis above Sozak oasis.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty South Rock Overhang Kurgan (Shilikty Southern Granite Overhang Field)
Early Saka Shilikty southern overhang (650–580 BCE) · Saka southern Shilikty granite spur
3 rock-shelter kurgans beneath 12 m granite overhang: talus gneiss chamber 5.8 m spall mound with mirror 18 cm 610 BCE.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Shilikty Central Terrace Kurgan (Shilikty Chilikty Middle Terrace Royal)
Early Saka (Arzhan–Shilikty 800–700 BCE) — Shilikty middle terrace · Saka of eastern Kazakhstan (Mayemer–Shilikty)
68 m middle terrace royal 730 BCE: 13 horse western compartment and 432 eagle-griffin plaques including stag 22 cm.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Royal Necropolis (Royal Mound 6 — Altyn-Emel, Semirechye)
Early Iron Age (Saka, 600–400 BCE) · Saka of Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr, eastern Saka)
31-mound Saka royal necropolis (600–400 BCE) — Ili River's 'Five Tents' with 105-m royal mound and log house.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Uyuk Valley Second Kurgan Terrace (North Arzhan Satellite)
Early Iron Age (Arzhan-Chertomlyk) · Arzhan (Early Scythian / Saka Royal)
Second terrace north of Uyuk River (950 m, 52°03′N 93°51′E) in the Tuva Valley of the Kings, complementing Arzhan 1 (9th c BCE) and Arzhan 2 (7th c BCE) on south terrace and Tunnug 1 (9th c) centre.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Besshatyr South Row Kurgans (Besshatyr Southern Alignment)
Early Saka (Tiglaxaus vs Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) royal
Besshatyr south row: 6 royal kurgans (52–78 m) 500 m south of northern royal row, Altyn-Emel.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Boralday Royal Mound 15 (Boralday Central Royal)
Early Saka Tigraxauda peak · Saka Tigraxauda royal
Boralday Royal 15: 92-m triple-circle Saka mound with 180 gold appliqués, park core.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday Southwest Kapchagay Road Kurgans (Kapchagay Corridor South)
Saka (480–320 BCE) · Saka
Southwest corridor 5 km southwest of Boralday Park toward Kapchagay Reservoir (760 m) with 7 mounds 20–48 m diam.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Uygarak Kurgan Field (Lower Syr Darya Sakas – Inkardarya Delta)
Early Saka (Uygarak) to Sauromatian · Lower Syr Darya Sakas (Uygarak culture)
Inkardarya delta type-site: 70 low mounds (8-32 m) with standing-stag plaques spanning 300 years.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Shilikty North Kurgan (Chilikty North Royal Terrace)
Early Saka (7th–6th c. BCE) · Early Saka (Shilikty facies)
Shilikty north: 5 early royal kurgans (62 m) 2.2 km north of Golden Ridge, Zaisan valley 820 m.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Korgantas Tasmola Kurgan 1 — Karaganda Tasmola Type-Site
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola culture, 8th–5th c BCE) · Tasmola (early Saka, Central Kazakhstan)
Tasmola royal dromos kurgan (760–520 BCE) 45 m — eponymous early Saka mound with 200 gold plaques.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Zhetytobe South Kurgan Cluster (Seven Hills South Ridge)
Early Saka to Wusun Transition · Saka–Wusun
Zhetytobe south: 6 adobe-ring Saka kurgans 3 km south of Seven Hills core, Turkestan Ridge.