🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Marajoara Mounds (Teso dos Bichos)
Marajoara Phase (Polychrome Tradition) · Marajoara (Arauan-derived Amazonian Polychrome)
Marajoara chiefdom mounds (800–1400 CE)—40-m tesos and funerary urn fields on Amazon's delta island.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Caverna da Pedra Pintada (Monte Alegre)
Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene (11–10 ka BCE) · Paleoindian (preceramic Amazonian foragers)
Amazon cuesta cave earliest Amazonian art 11 ka BCE with Amazon pollen and fishtail points.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Archaeological wonder
Kuhikugu — Fawcett's Z Ridge Hypothetical Stone City (Phantom)
Claimed Classical vs real Xinguano 800–1600 CE on same ridge · Claimed Atlantean/Carthaginian (Fawcett); real ridge ephemeral Xinguano and later Kalapalo
Phantom Z Ridge — Fawcett's imagined white stone city 25 km from real Kuhikugu; no verification, natural sandstone misread.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Seki Lake Southern Reservoir Cluster K17
Xinguano late 1100–1600 CE · Xinguano (ancestral Kuikuro)
Southern reservoir satellite K17 of Kuhikugu — 140 m reservoir and plazas at Seki Lake south, Xingu hydraulic answer to Upano.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Mural Hall Americas 62 — Brazil Region 2
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Americas-Mound
Mural Hall Americas 62 — Brazil Region 2 in Brazil Region 2, Brazil is a Bronze Age earthwork with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu (Xinguano Lost Cities)
Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Xinguano / Arawak
Cluster of 20+ pre-Columbian settlements in Xingu with causeways 50 m wide, plazas, reservoirs, showing dense urbanism (population 50k) in Amazon before 1492, built 800–1400 CE, described by Michael…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Lake Dourada Causeway Cluster K15
Xinguano 800–1600 CE (late pre-Columbian Amazon) · Xinguano (Arawak, ancestral Kuikuro)
Eastern Kuhikugu causeway-plaza K15 — 220 m plaza with 20 m causeways linking to fish weir, 2.8 km east of X11.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Plaza Cluster K10 at Seki Lake East (Xingu East)
Late Pre-Columbian (800–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Eastern plaza K10 of Kuhikugu cluster on Seki East — 12 ha plaza with ditch and 1.2 km causeway.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Buried city
Marajoara – Mound Complex of Marajó Island, Pará (Hypothetical Urbanism)
Marajoara Phase (800–1400 CE) Amazonian Polychrome · Marajoara / Aruã / Ananatuba
Amazon mouth tesos 12 m high with 3 km causeways at +1 m (800–1400 CE) — continental city 40,000 vs chiefdom 10,000 debated.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Central Reservoir Cluster K12 at Seki Lake Central (Xingu Central)
Late Pre-Columbian (900–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Central reservoir K12 of Kuhikugu at Seki isthmus — 80×60 m embanked reservoir and 900 m canal.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Western Plaza Cluster K9 at Seki Lake (Xingu West) — v2
Late Pre-Columbian (900 – 1650 CE) · Xinguano Arawak / Kuhikugu
Western Kuhikugu plaza K9 250×150 m at Seki Lake west — causeway 500 m ×12 m and reservoir 100 m under gallery forest; Xinguano.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Lost city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Cluster K8 Seki Settlement (Upper Xingu)
Late Pre-Columbian (c.700 – 1600 CE) · Xinguano tradition (Kuikuro ancestors)
Upper Xingu plaza town 8 km east of classic Kuhikugu — ring ditch, 700 m causeway and terra preta, 14 ha, 900–1350 CE.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara
Paleo-Indian to Late Prehistoric (9000 BCE – 500 CE) · Nordeste / Agreste
Serra da Capivara in Piauí, Brazil is a Paleo-Indian to Late Prehistoric (9000 BCE – 500 CE) rock art attributed to Nordeste / Agreste culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu South
Pre-Columbian Xinguano (800 – 1600 CE) · Xinguano (Arawak-Karib)
Kuhikugu South in Mato Grosso, Brazil is a Pre-Columbian Xinguano (800 – 1600 CE) ancient city attributed to Xinguano (Arawak-Karib) culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
City of Z / Kuhikugu (Upper Xingu)
Claimed ancient (Fawcett 500 BCE Atlant. survivors) vs real Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Fawcett: imagined Atlantean/Cartaginian survivors; real: ancestral Kuikuro (Arawak) Xinguano polities
Fawcett's Atlantean Z near Xingu 1925 vanished – 30 km away Heckenberger found real 50-ha Kuhikugu road-plaza network.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre — Capixaba Ramal Geoglyphs Phase West (Western Acre Ramal)
Early to Late Pre-Columbian (400 BCE – 1000 CE) · Acre geoglyph culture / Arawak
Western Ramal triple geoglyph at Capixaba — 3× 120 m squares with 700 m avenue at –10.05S.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara Boqueirão Sítio Central North Ledge
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Serra da Capivara Boqueirão Sítio Central North Ledge in Piauí, Serra da Capivara, Brazil is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre — Capixaba Geoglyphs Phase II at Capixaba West (Western Acre)
Late Pre-Columbian (200 BCE – 900 CE) · Acre (Beni) geoglyph builders
Western Acre Capixaba 300 m circle ditch 3 m deep with embankment and 120 m square 2 m high under pasture — causeway 400 m links.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara Toca do Boqueirão Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Serra da Capivara Toca do Boqueirão Panel in Piauí, Serra da Capivara, Brazil is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Pedra Pintada Cave Lower Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Pedra Pintada Cave Lower Panel in Pará, Monte Alegre, Brazil is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Inga Stone South
Late Archaic to Early Ceramic (5000 – 2000 BCE disputed) · Pre-ceramic Nordeste
Inga Stone South in Paraíba, Brazil is a Late Archaic to Early Ceramic (5000 – 2000 BCE disputed) rock art attributed to Pre-ceramic Nordeste culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Archaeological wonder
Pedra do Ingá – Ingá Stone Enigma
Itacoatiara tradition disputed 2000 BCE – 200 CE (no direct date, varve patina) · Indigenous Brazilian Itacoatiara / Agreste rock-art tradition
24 m gneiss wall with 400 spirals claimed Orion map and Phoenician writing — rock art with fringe lost-tech overlay.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Cave
Lapa do Santo
Early Holocene (c.12000–8000 BCE) Lagoa Santa Paleoindian · Lagoa Santa Paleoindian (Luzia horizon)
Lapa do Santo is a Lower Karst limestone rockshelter at Mocambeiro, northern Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, at 730 m.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hypothetical site
Z City — Mato Grosso Rondon Second Phantom Ridge (Fawcett's Z east)
Cretaceous Cachimbo quartzite ridge geology + Munduruku rumor relay onto Fawcett notebook; Lost City Z proper is Kuhikugu 70 km SE (separate problem) · Natural quartzite ridge joints and tower karst misread as Z monumental walls (no culture) — real Z is Kuhikugu nearby
Fawcett Z second ridge phantom 8.5S 50.8W — quartzite joint walls 1.5 km and 8 m tower karst misread as Z citadel east of Cachimbo.