🇧🇷 Brazil · Buried city
Poverty Point Ridge
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Iron Age
Poverty Point Ridge in Amazonas, Brazil is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) buried city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Quarry
Quarry of Inlet Pictograph
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Quarry of Inlet Pictograph in Piauí, Brazil is a Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) quarry attributed to Harappan culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara
Paleo-Indian to Late Prehistoric (9000 BCE – 500 CE) · Nordeste / Agreste
Serra da Capivara in Piauí, Brazil is a Paleo-Indian to Late Prehistoric (9000 BCE – 500 CE) rock art attributed to Nordeste / Agreste culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Stone Vale Geoglyph
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Stone Vale Geoglyph in Piauí, Brazil is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Archaeological wonder
Thonis Temple Pylon South
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Thonis Temple Pylon South in Sambaqui Coast, Brazil is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) archaeological wonder attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Town Henthorn Mound Complex
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Town Henthorn Mound Complex in Piauí, Brazil is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) earthwork attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hillfort
Varna Mogor Ach Hill Fort
Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) · Roman
Varna Mogor Ach Hill Fort in Piauí, Brazil is a Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) hillfort attributed to Roman culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Wari Pikillaqta Sector
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Classical
Wari Pikillaqta Sector in Amazonas, Brazil is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock art attributed to Classical culture.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Earthwork
Marajoara Mounds (Teso dos Bichos)
Marajoara Phase (Polychrome Tradition) · Marajoara (Arauan-derived Amazonian Polychrome)
Marajoara chiefdom mounds (800–1400 CE)—40-m tesos and funerary urn fields on Amazon's delta island.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre Geoglyphs (Geoglifos do Acre)
Pre-Columbian 1–1500 CE · Acre / Xinguano tradition
Hundreds of large ditched enclosures (squares, circles, U-shapes) revealed since 1977 by deforestation, built by pre-Columbian Amazonian cultures using forest clearance, dated 1–1500 CE, associated…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre — Capixaba Geoglyphs Phase II at Capixaba West (Western Acre)
Late Pre-Columbian (200 BCE – 900 CE) · Acre (Beni) geoglyph builders
Western Acre Capixaba 300 m circle ditch 3 m deep with embankment and 120 m square 2 m high under pasture — causeway 400 m links.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre — Capixaba Geoglyphs Phase II at Capixaba West (Western Acre) — v2
Late Pre-Columbian (200 BCE – 900 CE) · Acre (Beni) geoglyph builders
Western Acre Capixaba 300 m circle ditch 3 m deep with embankment and 120 m square 2 m high under pasture — causeway 400 m links.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hypothetical site
Akakor — Javari–Solimões Confluence Pillar Variant (Amazonas Phantom)
Modern forgery projected onto Holocene varzea (no archaeological horizon) · Modern German-Brazilian hoax (Barbara/Günter Hauck as Tatunca Nara 1970s) onto Tikuna land
Akakor Bavarian fantasy pillars at Javari–Solimões confluence — alleged Doric-notch stone pillars marking Akakor entrance, varzea flooded.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hypothetical site
Akakor–Akrai — Southern Amazon Xingu Headwaters Phantom (Mato Grosso)
Cretaceous laterite mesa geology + modern 1970s hoax geology, no cultural · 1970s German mystic Karl Brugger branched hoax onto Roncador + Fawcett myth (no culture)
Southern Akrai phantom on Xingu headwaters Serra do Roncador — stepped lateritic benches 2 km misread as underground Akrai solar-mirror walls, Fawcett Z zone.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Caverna da Pedra Pintada (Monte Alegre)
Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene (11–10 ka BCE) · Paleoindian (preceramic Amazonian foragers)
Amazon cuesta cave earliest Amazonian art 11 ka BCE with Amazon pollen and fishtail points.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
City of Z / Kuhikugu (Upper Xingu)
Claimed ancient (Fawcett 500 BCE Atlant. survivors) vs real Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Fawcett: imagined Atlantean/Cartaginian survivors; real: ancestral Kuikuro (Arawak) Xinguano polities
Fawcett's Atlantean Z near Xingu 1925 vanished – 30 km away Heckenberger found real 50-ha Kuhikugu road-plaza network.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hypothetical site
El Dorado — Lake Parime Uruao Extension (Manau Phantom Shore)
Holocene savanna seasonal flooding; colonial cartographic projection onto Rupununi hydrology; pre-Columbian savanna field ridges (no Manoa horizon) · Wapishana savanna field ridges (500–1500 CE) projected as Manoa by European cartographers
El Dorado Lake Parime Uruao southern seasonal varzea 2000 km² — 0.3–1 m Aug–Oct, causeways 3 km are savanna ridges misread as Manoa walls.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu (Xinguano Lost Cities)
Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Xinguano / Arawak
Cluster of 20+ pre-Columbian settlements in Xingu with causeways 50 m wide, plazas, reservoirs, showing dense urbanism (population 50k) in Amazon before 1492, built 800–1400 CE, described by Michael…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient village
Kuhikugu — Central Reservoir Cluster K12 at Seki Lake Central (Xingu Central)
Late Pre-Columbian (900–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Central reservoir K12 of Kuhikugu at Seki isthmus — 80×60 m embanked reservoir and 900 m canal.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Lost city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Cluster K8 Seki Settlement (Upper Xingu)
Late Pre-Columbian (c.700 – 1600 CE) · Xinguano tradition (Kuikuro ancestors)
Upper Xingu plaza town 8 km east of classic Kuhikugu — ring ditch, 700 m causeway and terra preta, 14 ha, 900–1350 CE.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Lake Dourada Causeway Cluster K15
Xinguano 800–1600 CE (late pre-Columbian Amazon) · Xinguano (Arawak, ancestral Kuikuro)
Eastern Kuhikugu causeway-plaza K15 — 220 m plaza with 20 m causeways linking to fish weir, 2.8 km east of X11.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Eastern Plaza Cluster K10 at Seki Lake East (Xingu East)
Late Pre-Columbian (800–1600 CE) · Upper Xingu / ancestral Kuikuro Arawak
Eastern plaza K10 of Kuhikugu cluster on Seki East — 12 ha plaza with ditch and 1.2 km causeway.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Archaeological wonder
Kuhikugu — Fawcett's Z Ridge Hypothetical Stone City (Phantom)
Claimed Classical vs real Xinguano 800–1600 CE on same ridge · Claimed Atlantean/Carthaginian (Fawcett); real ridge ephemeral Xinguano and later Kalapalo
Phantom Z Ridge — Fawcett's imagined white stone city 25 km from real Kuhikugu; no verification, natural sandstone misread.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Kuhikugu — Seki Lake Southern Reservoir Cluster K17
Xinguano late 1100–1600 CE · Xinguano (ancestral Kuikuro)
Southern reservoir satellite K17 of Kuhikugu — 140 m reservoir and plazas at Seki Lake south, Xingu hydraulic answer to Upano.