🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi — Eastern Necropolis Offshore Grave Terrace
Archaic to Late Antiquity · Milesian / Bosporan
Eastern drowned grave terrace of Kepoi — limestone mortuary landing at 3–5 m with sarcophagi in situ.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kalbak-Tash II Yaloman North Terrace
Neolithic to Turkic Khaganate · Afanasievo, Okunev, Andronovo, Saka-Pazyryk, Turkic
North bank Yaloman terrace 1.8 km upstream of main Kalbak-Tash with elk-boat panels.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Ulu Kurgan (Bolshoy Kurgan) — Bashkir Steppe Sarmatian Royal Mound (Bashkortostan)
Late Sarmatian (1st c BCE–1st c CE, Prokhorovka to Alan transition) · Late Sarmatian (Bashkir Prokhorovka–Alan transition)
Bashkir steppe Sarmatian chieftain mound (30 BCE–60 CE) 42 m with scale-armour horse and Parthian faience.
🇷🇺 Russia · Lake city
Kitezh – Invisible City on Svetloyar Lake
Legendary 1164–1237 foundation; literature 1780s–1810s Kitezh Chronicle (Ketija letopisets) · Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' / Old Believer / Orthodox folk eschatology
Batu Khan's 1237 target – Yuri's city that sank invisible into 30 m Svetloyar Lake, bells still claimed heard.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata (Batskoe Gorodishche) — Harbour of the Toretae (Sindian Coast)
Archaic to Roman (c.540 BCE – 200 CE) · Greek / Sindian
Sindian Toretae harbour at Tsemes mouth — lower quay 1–3 m submerged in Novorossiysk Bay, Bosporan Sindic emporium.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Western Emporium Anchorage at Taman Strait (Western Strait) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Western strait emporium of Patrai at Taman Strait — 70 m mole at –3 m and customs quay with moorings.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Salbyk Extended Kurgan Terrace – Khakassia
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Submerged Harbour and Lower Town (Taman / Tuzla)
Archaic to Medieval (c.580 BCE – 1482 CE) · Mytilenean Greek / Khazar / Kievan Rus
Mytilenean Bosporan polis on Taman hill — lower harbour 1–4 m submerged along Tuzla spit, 2500-year sequence to Tmutarakan Rus.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Khokhlach Kurgan (Sarmatian Novocherkassk Hoard)
Early Iron Age; Sarmatian (Middle Sarmatian) Alanic · Scythian → Sarmatian (Sirachi/Alanic)
1st c. CE Sarmatian elite kurgan with Novocherkassk gold hoard — catacomb chamber, gold diadem, Parthian silver and Bosporan imports, Azov Sarmatian apogee.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Novosvobodnaya (Maïkop Dolmens)
Early Bronze Age; Late Maikop → Novosvobodnaya → Dolmen culture · Maikop → Novosvobodnaya (dolmen phase) → Yamnaya fringe
Late Maïkop–Novosvobodnaya dolmen kurgans (3300–2600 BCE) under kurgan mounds — 5 m slab dolmen with Mesopotamian cylinder seal, bridging Maïkop elite to Yamnaya.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Submerged Harbour Quarter (Anapa Bay)
Classical to Roman (c.400 BCE – 240 CE) · Sindian Greek / Bosporan
Sindian port turned Bosporan city under Anapa — 40 ha grid with harbour quarter 1–2.5 m submerged off beach, museum in city centre.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ostadniy Kurgan (Maykop / Maikop)
Late Chalcolithic → Early Bronze; Maikop period · Darkveti-Meshoko → Maikop (Kuban) → Late Maikop/Novosvobodnaya
Maikop Ostadniy elite kurgan (11 m high, 200 m diam., c.3500 BCE) with gold lions, Mesopotamian seals and Caucasus dolmen context — Uruk–Caucasus Early Bronze elite.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Central Lower Town Submerged Insulae (Taman Bay Centre)
Archaic to Late Antique (543 BCE – 600 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
Central harbour insulae of Phanagoria in Taman Bay centre — orthogonal streets and 90 m embankment at –2 to –3 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Uyuk Valley Kurgans
Early Iron Age, Aldy-Bel to Sagly · Aldy-Bel to Sagly Saka, Tuva
15 Saka kurgans (750-500 BCE) in Uyuk Valley elite line with rank-size hierarchy and Chu silk, satellite to Arzhan royals.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kapova Cave (Shulgan-Tash)
Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian to Magdalenian) · Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers (Eastern Gravettian / South Ural Epipalaeolithic)
Urals Palaeolithic painted cave with 195 mammoth-horse figures 36–14 ka, easternmost Old World cave art.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Cape Pashennaya Anchorage (Gelendzhik Bay North)
Archaic to Hellenistic (550 BCE – 50 BCE) · Sindian / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Cape roadstead of Bata on Gelendzhik Bay — 50 m breakwater at –3.5 m and quay at –2.8 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Arzhan 2 Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, pre-Scythian/Al dy-Bel (8th–7th c. BCE) · Aldy-Bel (early Scythian) steppe nomads
Intact 670 BCE Scythian royal grave in Tuva—9,000 gold pieces and 14 horses in a larch chamber.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Sintashta–Arkaim Barrow Graves (Sintashta Cemetery & Arkaim Necropolis)
Middle Bronze Age (Sintashta–Petrovka) · Sintashta (Country of Towns)
40+ Sintashta chariot kurgans (2050–1800 BCE) — earliest spoke-wheeled chariot graves, Indo-Iranian horizon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Shalobolino Kurgans
Early Iron Age Tagar culture 700-400 BCE · Tagar (Minusinsk Basin)
700 BCE Tagar royal kurgans (8 mounds, 40-85 m) on Yenisei terrace co-located with 3,000-panel rock-art cliff at Shalobolino.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Northern Tuzla Bay Harbour (Taman Bay North)
Archaic to Medieval (580 BCE – 1100 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Slavic Tmutarakan
Northern bay harbour of Hermonassa in Tuzla Bay — 70 m timber quay at –1.5 m behind spit.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kelermes Royal Kurgan — Ciscaucasian Scythian Chieftain (Adygea, Kuban)
Early Scythian (pre-Kelermes to Kelermes phase, 8th–7th c BCE aftermath of Near Eastern campaign) · North Caucasian Scythian–Meotian (Cimmerian substrate + returning Scythian)
Adygean Scythian–Cimmerian kurgans (670–640 BCE) with Assyrian mirror and earliest gold-scabbard akinakes.
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Peremyshl, Muscovy
Peremyshl (Russian: Перемышль) was a town in the Grand Duchy of Moscow located on the right bank of the Mocha River, within the Troitsky Administrative Okrug of Moscow, to the west of the Dmitrovo…
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kostromskaya Kurgan – Maikop Iron Canopy Grave
Early Iron Age, Early Scythian (Kuban group) · Early Scythian (Kubano–Chernogorovka) proto-Scythian elite
7th-c. BCE 30-m Maikop-Mounded Scythian tent-canopy grave with iron-shod poles and 22 horse sacrifice.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Tuzla Spit Western Anchorage (Taman Peninsula)
Archaic to Late Antique (543 BCE – 600 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
Western roadstead of Phanagoria 2–4 m under Taman Bay west of Tuzla Spit — timber jetties and salting quarter 220 m offshore.