🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harbetsuvan
Neolithic–Iron Age (c.5500–600 BCE) · Amuq → Syro-Cilician → Neo-Hittite
Amik fringe tell (Neolithic–Iron Age, 10 m high, basalt-footed EB enclosure) in Kırıkhan plain.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Hassek Höyük East Village
Chalcolithic to EBA II (4900–2300 BCE) · Obed → Late Uruk → EBA Karababa
EBA low mound with Uruk citadel — 4900 BCE to 2300 BCE furnace village.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hattusa
Hittite Empire (Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze) · Hittite
Capital of Hittite Empire (1600–1180 BCE) with double walls 8 km, Lion Gate, Sphinx Gate, Great Temple and rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya with 90+ reliefs of gods. Archives of 30,000 cuneiform tablets.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Black Sea Harbour at Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic to Ottoman (560 BCE – 1923 CE) · Megarian / Boeotian / Pontic Greek / Roman / Genoese
Megarian coal port 560 BCE — 110 m ashlar mole at −2 m off Ereğli with Heracles Acherusian cave above harbour where triremes wintered.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Mole of Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (560 BCE – 1453 CE) · Megarian Greek / Heraclean tyranny / Mithridatic
560 BCE Megarian tyrant harbour — 220 m ashlar mole now –1 to –4 m under Ereğli coal pier off Acheron cave.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Horomos Monastery — Ani Ghost City Rival South Canyon
Bagratid (10th c. Horomos main church St John 1038; Ani near) · Armenian Bagratid Ani kingdom (King Abas 930, Gagik I 989 Ani rival)
Horomos Ani 930, excavated by Marr 1904, 1038 Zhamatun 400 m from Ani walls cross gorge.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Horum Höyük
Late Chalcolithic to Islamic (peak MBA–Hittite) · Halaf-Ubaid → Kura-Araxes → Yamhad → Hittite → Neo-Hittite
Major Euphrates terrace tell (220 × 180 m, 18 m high) on the Sajur tributary near Nizip, rescue-excavated 1990s ahead of...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Höyücek Höyük
Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic · Burdur-Antalya (Hacilar-associated)
Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic lakeside shrine-village (c.6500–5500 BCE) in Burdur Lake District, famous for 'Martyrium' burnt shrine phase with mother-goddess and leopard reliefs, and hoard of…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Kahta — Arsameia at Nymphaios Dexiosis Relief
Commagene (80–50 BCE Antiochus I) · Commagene Greek-Persian syncretism
Arsameia excavated by Dörner & Young 1935–64, inscription records founding by Arsames c.230 BCE and Antiochus reshaping.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kanlıdivane (Kanytelis / Neapolis)
Hellenistic to medieval (c.400 BCE–1200 CE) · Olbian priest-kings → Isaurian pirates → Roman → Byzantine
Sinkhole-city Kanytelis: 60 m chasm with rim temples, three basilicas and tower-tomb skyline.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karahöyük (Elbistan)
Early Bronze Age to Medieval (peak MBA–Hittite–Iron) · EB Anatolian → Hittite → Neo-Hittite/Tabal → Armenian Medieval
Large Elbistan Plain mound (300 × 250 m, 22 m high) dominating the Ceyhan headwaters, second only to Tilmen in the plain...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karahöyük (Konya)
Early Bronze Age II-III peak; MBA-Hittite reuse · Central Anatolian EBA (Konya Plain) → Hittite Lower Land
Konya plain EBA walled city (33 ha) with MB karum and Hittite terraces — Sedat Alp’s plateau urbanism type-site south of Çatalhöyük.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karahöyük-Elbistan Plains Satellite
Early Bronze to Iron (3000 BCE–600 BCE) · EBA Syrian → Hittite → Neo-Hittite Melid → Phrygian
Karahöyük-Elbistan Plains Satellite is a 1.6-ha mound 6 km southwest of Karahöyük-Elbistan citadel on the upper Ceyhan plain (1130 m).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karkamış (Carchemish)
Early Bronze Age through Iron Age II (c.3000–717 BCE); Neolithic substratum · EBA–MBA Euphrates town → Hittite viceroyalty → Neo-Hittite Luwian-Aramaean
80 ha Euphrates tell — Hittite viceregal capital and Neo-Hittite sculpture city on Turkish-Syrian border (c.3000–717 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kavuşan Höyük
Late Neolithic to Middle Bronze (c.6000–1500 BCE) · Hassuna-Halaf → Ninevite 5 → Akkadian → Khabur ware
Large Tigris terrace tell (320 × 280 m, 15 m high) in the Ilısu reservoir zone, excavated 2002–2011 by G. Kozbe and Halu...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Underground city
Kaymaklı Underground City
Hittite to Byzantine · Phrygian / Byzantine
Second major Cappadocian underground city, 8 levels open to tourists, rolling doors, stables, wine storage, connected to Derinkuyu via tunnel.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kazane Höyük North Burned Quarter
Halaf-Ubaid to Islamic (5500 BCE–1200 CE; peak EBA 2600–2000 BCE) · Halaf → Uruk → EBA Syro-Anatolian → Mitanni → Neo-Assyrian
EBA burned quarter of 100 ha Kazane mega-tell — Uruk to Neo-Assyrian sequence.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Kekova – Sunken City of Dolichiste (Simena)
Lycian to Byzantine (Hellenistic 4th c. BCE – 7th c. CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Lycian harbour town Dolichiste subsided by 2nd c. earthquakes along 500 m of Kekova Island — sarcophagi awash.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kinet Höyük North Harbour
MBA to Hellenistic (2000 BCE–100 BCE) · MBA Levantine → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic Issos
Kinet Höyük North Harbour is the 15-ha northern basin of Kinet Höyük — identified with Issos, where Alexander beat Darius III (333 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Knidos – Double Harbour of Cnidus (Datça Peninsula)
Classical to Byzantine (360 BCE – 700 CE) · Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cape Crio twin harbours — northern trireme sheds silted and southern mole now 3.2 m submerged, warning yachts at Knidos.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Kolophon — Ancient Ionian City
Geometric to Hellenistic (1100–133 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Kolophonian)
Ionian interior capital 12-city league famed for cavalry and Claros oracle mother city.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Kuruçay Höyük
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic to Early Bronze · Hacilar-Kuruçay-Beycesultan sequence
Neolithic to Early Bronze lakeside tell with 13 levels (c.6200–3800 BCE, + EBA), bridging Hacilar (Level 6 early pottery) to Chalcolithic fortified town.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia Artemis West Precinct
Hellenistic · Ionian Hellenistic (Hermogenes) under Seleucid then Pergamene patronage
180-m west temenos and agora stoa linking Hermogenes 8×15 pseudodipteral Artemision to Maeander port.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Magnesia Stadium-Gymnasium — Artemis Leukophryene Athletic Annex
Hellenistic to Roman (220 BCE – 300 CE) · Ionian Magnesians under Hermogenes
190 m stadium and palaestra 500 m east of Leukophryene Artemis temple.