🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient city
Kaole Ruins — Swahili Settlement
Early Swahili (13th–16th c) · Swahili-Shirazi
Kaole is a 13th–16th c Swahili settlement 3 km S of Bagamoyo, Tanzania's earliest Swahili site (Shiraz origin legend 13th c).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari — Palace East Wing Archive Room
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Mari — Palace East Wing Archive Room in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Mari, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bro…
🇮🇹 Italy · Tumulus
Thapsos — North Cist Grave Field (Priolo)
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Thapsos — North Cist Grave Field (Priolo) in Sicily, Priolo Gargallo, Italy is a Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (2500–500 BCE) tumulus attributed to Hallstat…
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Lower Lima Ridge I — Lima (56-18)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Lower Lima Ridge I — Lima (56-18) at Lima, Peru is a Classical (regional) pyramid of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Sittanavasal Jain Caves
Pallava–Pandya Early Medieval · Digambara Jain
Pallava–Pandya Jain cave complex (7th–9th c. CE) on Sittanavasal hillock, famed for Arivar Koil — earliest Tamil rock-cut Jain shrine with natural-cavern-pillared mandapa and Brahmi-Tamil inscription.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Tomebamba (Pumapungo)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial 1490–1533 CE · Inca (Tomebamba Cañari–Inca)
Huayna Cápac's northern capital second to Cuzco: Pumapungo 40 ha palace, kallanka and 300 m aqueduct under modern Cuenca.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Akhtala Monastery — Fortress Copper Mining Fresco Manor
Bagratid Kyurikian (10th c. fortress Pghndzahank Prince Gurgen 1188 church; fresco 1205–16 Byzantine; Armenian-Georgian) · Kyurikian branch of Bagratid (David Gareji) with Georgian Chalcedonian fresco after 1220
Akhtala fresco excavated by Soviet, copper fortress with fresco Byzantine-Georgian.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Mons Porphyrites — Imperial Porphyry Quarry
Roman Imperial (29 BCE–211 CE, active to 4th c) · Roman Imperial
Mons Porphyrites (Gebel Dokhan) is the only imperial porphyry quarry in Roman Empire (29–211 CE) producing purple porphyry for Diocletian and Hadrian pillars, sarcophagi and Pantheon.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Ancient City of Vaishali
Vajji / Licchavi republic to Gupta 600 BCE–600 CE · Vajji confederacy / Licchavi clan / Mauryan / Gupta
Capital of the Vajji (Vriji) confederacy and world's first republican state (c.600 BCE), where Buddha delivered his last sermon and Licchavis enshrined his relics in the earliest known stupa (c.483…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Harran — University North Lecture Hall (Ruha)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Harran — University North Lecture Hall (Ruha) in Şanlıurfa, Harran, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Megalith
Msoura Stone Circle
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (3000–1500 BCE) · Atlantic Megalithic / Bell Beaker
Msoura (Mzora) Cromlech is Morocco's sole Atlantic megalithic ellipse, 55×45 m of 175 menhirs encircling a 6-m tumulus, 25 km southeast of Asilah. Tallest monolith El Uted (The Pointer) 5.5 m.
🇱🇾 Libya · Temple complex
Sabratha — Theatre North Cavea Ancillary
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period temple culture
Sabratha — Theatre North Cavea Ancillary in Zawiya, Sabratha, Libya is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) temple complex attributed to Multi-perio…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday East Ili Piedmont Outlier Kurgans (Ili Piedmont East Satellite)
Saka (500–250 BCE) · Saka Tigrakhauda
Eastern outliers 8 km east of Boralday Archaeological Park (790 m) on Ili piedmont steppe toward Ili River branch. Six mounds 28–62 m diam, 3–7 m high with ditch rings (22–48 m) visible on satellite.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Ancient city
Complex of Hue Monuments
Nguyen dynasty 1802–1945 · Vietnamese (Kinh) Nguyen
Nguyen dynasty capital (1802–1945) and last imperial city of Vietnam inside 10 km vauban-style citadel (Kinh Thanh, 1804–1832, 2.5×2.5 km square with 4 m thick bastioned walls copied from French…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Kalaa of Beni Hammad — Hammadid Fortified City
Islamic Hammadid (1007–1152 CE) · Berber Hammadid / Zirid
Kalaa (Qal'a) of Beni Hammad is the 1007 CE Hammadid capital 1418 m in Hodna mountains, UNESCO 102.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karahöyük (Konya)
Early Bronze Age II-III peak; MBA-Hittite reuse · Central Anatolian EBA (Konya Plain) → Hittite Lower Land
Konya plain EBA walled city (33 ha) with MB karum and Hittite terraces — Sedat Alp’s plateau urbanism type-site south of Çatalhöyük.
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Locmariaquer Megaliths
Middle Neolithic (~4700–4000 BCE) · Carnac Neolithic (Castellic)
Three interlinked monuments on the Gulf of Morbihan: the shattered 20.6-m Grand Menhir Brisé – heaviest moved stone in Europe at 280 tonnes before earthquake toppling; the Table des Marchand passage…
🇸🇪 Sweden · Megalith
Hagbard's Gallows (Hagbards Galge)
Middle to Late Bronze Age · Nordic Bronze Age (Halland)
Two 4.5 m 'gallows' menhirs plus 18 m circle and 25 m ship on Halland coastal plain — saga-linked cemetery.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Archaeological wonder
Izapa
Late Formative 1500 BCE–100 CE (Izapa style) · Mixe-Zoque? / early Maya (Izapan)
90 stelae with Popol Vuh genesis narrative, 1500 BCE–100 CE.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Feyda
Halaf–Ubaid (c.5700–4200 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid northern
Khabur headwaters Halaf–Ubaid tell 7 m high (tholoi, dark-faced ware) at spring source.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Idanre Hills — Oke Idanre Cultural Landscape
Late Ife to Yoruba Oyo-Benin (1100–1928) · Yoruba Idanre (Udane)
Idanre Hills (Oke Idanre) is the hilltop abandoned Yoruba city 680 m above sea on Inselberg 3 km N of Idanre town, occupied 11th–1928 c.
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Fort Center
Woodland Glades 450 BCE–1700 CE · Belle Glade (Calusa/Glades)
Glades woodland pond-mortuary and 1200 m causeway with charnel house, wood effigies in submerged pond.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Echmiadzin Cathedral Mother See — Oldest Cathedral State Church 301
Armenian Christianity world first state church (301–303 CE Gregory original wooden; 480 Vahan, 618 Komitas stone; 1654–58 tiers) · Armenian Apostolic Mother See (Gregory the Illuminator foundation 301 CE)
Ejmiatsin excavated by Mnatsakanyan, oldest cathedral-state 301 foundation over fire temple.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kurdu Tepe
Halaf–Ubaid (c.6000–3800 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid (Amuq A–D)
South Amik Halaf–Ubaid village (c.6000–3800 BCE, geometric painted ware, stamp seals) on former lakebed.