∿Hydraulic works

🇲🇱 Mali · Hydraulic works

Thimlich Ohinga Enclosure North — Djenné (Mopti)

Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic

Thimlich Ohinga Enclosure North in Djenné, Mali is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) hydraulic attributed to Local Neolithic culture.

🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works

Jawa Early Bronze Age Dam Jordan

Early Bronze Age c.3200–3000 BCE (Late Chalcolithic-EBA) · Levantine EBA / Ghassulian network

Jawa (c.3200–3000 BCE) – Black Desert basalt town with 4m-high gravity masonry dam impounding Wadi Rajil (Jawa Reservoir), 8 km canal network and 3-pool system capturing 31,000 m³.

🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works

Shivta — Pools and Cistern Extension

Nabataean to Byzantine (100 BCE–600 CE) · Nabataean–Byzantine desert agriculture

Shivta — Pools and Cistern Extension in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean to Byzantine (100 BCE–600 CE) hydraulic attributed to Nabataean–Byzantine desert agriculture.

🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works

Qanat of Zarch, Yazd

Achaemenid to present ~700 BCE–present · Persian (Median/Achaemenid onward)

71 km 2,115-shaft Zarch qanat - world's longest - still feeding Yazd after 3,000 years.

🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works

Dholavira Eastern Reservoir Extension

Mature Harappan (2650–1450 BCE) · Harappan

Dholavira Eastern Reservoir Extension in Gujarat, India is a Mature Harappan (2650–1450 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Harappan.

🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress

Ad Maiores

Roman to Byzantine (104 CE–7th c. CE) · Roman

Trajanic desert camp 130×80 m anchoring Fossatum Negrine segment.

🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works

Dholavira — Eastern Reservoir Rock-Cut Complex

Harappan (2650–2000 BCE) · Harappan Dholavira

Kutch Dholavira excavated by Bisht 1989–, signboard 10 Indus signs and stadium 300 m.

🇱🇾 Libya · Hydraulic works

Cinyps Bridge (Wadi Ka'am)

Roman (Hadrianic, 2nd c. CE) · Roman (Tripolitania)

Three-arched Roman bridge (15 m spans) on Leptis coastal road.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works

Pontcysyllte Aqueduct

navigable aqueduct in Wales

🇺🇸 United States · Hydraulic works

Great Stone Dam

The Great Stone Dam, also called the Lawrence Dam or Lawrence Great Dam, was built between 1845 and 1848 on the site of Bodwell's Falls on the Merrimack River in what became Lawrence, Massachusetts.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works

Exeter Ship Canal

The Exeter Ship Canal, also known as the Exeter Canal, is a canal leading from (and beside) the River Exe to Exeter Quay in the city of Exeter, Devon, England.

🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works

Jawa South Dam & Reservoir System (Wadi Rajil South Extension)

EB I (Proto-urban Chalco–EB transition) · Jawa proto-urban Black Desert (Chalcolithic-EB)

South satellite of Jawa's 3300 BCE basalt dam system: 52-m curvilinear dam impounding 2,000 m³ on Wadi Rajil.

🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works

Zayandeh River — Marnan Bridge and Hydraulic Mills

Safavid Isfahan (1598–1722) · Safavid Persian (Isfahani school, Shah Abbas)

1599 Safavid 300-m 11-arch bridge-weir with 11 pier-embedded mills and Chahar Bagh 8-km canal, Isfahan's western Zayandeh.

🇲🇳 Mongolia · Hydraulic works

Karakorum — Orkhon Valley Hydraulic and Urban Canals

Mongol Empire (Ögedei to Möngke, 1235–1260) · Mongol imperial (Ögedei, Möngke, artisans Chinese–Muslim–European)

1235 Ögedei capital's 8-km Orkhon pipe to Silver Tree fountain and 60-well moated square, Bonn–Ulaanbaatar excavated.

🇮🇩 Indonesia · Hydraulic works

Saddang Ancient Canal & Rice Terrace Hydraulics (South Sulawesi Bugis)

Bugis Kingdom to early colonial · Bugis (South Sulawesi) sawah engineers

Bugis lowland hydraulic on Saddang delta: 18 km earthen canals with bamboo bunds feeding 12,000 ha sawah + tambak.

🇧🇴 Bolivia · Hypothetical site

Kunduriri — Hypothetical Raised-Field Plateau North (Pando North Kunduriri)

Hypothetical Casarabe northern frontier · Hypothetical Casarabe Pando frontier

Hypothetical northern raised-field grid at Kunduriri Pando — 400 beds claim vs scroll bars.

🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works

Ayn Zubaydah West Branch Aqueduct (Makkah West Zubaydah Canal)

Abbasid Early Islamic 801–842 CE (Makkah Hajj hydraulic) · Abbasid Makkah Hajj oasis (Zubaydah patron)

Zubaydah west branch 4.2 km ashlar 0.9×0.7 m vaulted 12 m with 14 siphons: Abbasid 801/842 west distributary 0.6‰ to Wadi Fatima.

🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works

Khettara of Hagoun High Atlas (High Atlas Hagoun Qanat)

Almoravid to Almohad 1080–1170 CE High Atlas mountain · High Atlas Berber Hagoun (Almoravid mountain oasis)

High mountain khettara 1.8 km 38 shafts to 22 m deep: Almoravid 1080 snowmelt schist 6 L/s to walnut terraces 8 ha 2200 m.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hydraulic works

Shiant Isles Iron Age Vitrified Fort Cistern (Garbh Eilean Summit)

Middle Iron Age Atlantic (vitrified forte) · Minch Hebridean islanders

Summit vitrified dun (28×18 m) with plastered rock-cut rain cistern (5.5 m³) on Garbh Eilean, Shiants.

🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works

Kurit Dam — Shah Abbas Arch (Shah Abbasi Dam)

Ilkhanid to Qajar (Mongol to Qajar) · Mongol–Persian Ilkhanid hydraulic engineers (maybe Ghiyath al-Din?)

1350 Mongol thin arch 64 m with 1.05 m crest over 5-m gorge, world's tallest for 540 years (1350–1902).

🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works

Jericho–Wadi Qelt Herodian Aqueduct System (Judean Desert, Palestine)

Hasmonean to Herodian–Early Roman (100 BCE–70 CE) · Hasmonean / Herodian Judean (Hellenistic–Roman desert court)

20-km Wadi Qelt cliff aqueducts (c.20 BCE) cascading 400 m to irrigate Herod's Jericho oasis palaces and balsam plantations.

🇰🇭 Cambodia · Hydraulic works

Angkor Eastern Baray Cascade & Preah Thkol Extension (East Baray Satellite)

Angkor early (Yasovarman) 9th–10th c · Khmer devaraja hydraulicians

Eastern Baray cascade satellite 4 km east of Angkor East Baray: 3 linked laterite reservoirs buffering monsoon overflow.

🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works

Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft (City of David water system, Jerusalem)

Middle Bronze II to Iron Age IIA–B (1800–580 BCE) · Canaanite (Middle Bronze) → Jebusite / Israelite–Judite

Jerusalem's 1800 BCE–701 BCE fortified perennial spring and karst shaft — 1,500-year water-security evolution.