🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sicca Veneria (El Kef) – Numidian Cult Citadel
Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine · Numidian / Roman
Cliff-top Venus cult city of Numidia–Rome, now kasbah-crowned El Kef.
🇭🇳 Honduras · Buried city
Ciudad Blanca — Mosquitia Lidar Block T3 Rio Plátano Second Settlement (Honduras)
Postclassic (c.1000 – 1500 CE) · Mosquitia culture (Ulua-influenced)
Mosquitia T3 east valley 3 km² — twin plazas 19 mounds and were-jaguar cache 1000–1400 CE, second city beyond T1 western cache.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Kolophon — Ancient Ionian City
Geometric to Hellenistic (1100–133 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Kolophonian)
Ionian interior capital 12-city league famed for cavalry and Claros oracle mother city.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Western Terrace
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Western Terrace in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Northern Annex
Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) · Los Millares Culture
Los Millares Bastion South Gate — Northern Annex in Andalusia, Almeria, Spain is a Chalcolithic (3200-2300 BCE) ancient city attributed to Los Millares Culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Hyllarima Temple of Zeus Hyllos — Kavaklıdere Upland
Classical to Roman · Carian, Hellenistic
850-m Kavaklıdere upland Zeus Hyllos 2nd BCE prostylos with agora odeion, Chrysaoric League pastoral city.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Castellum Tidditanorum
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman (Cirtan)
Cirtan confederation castellum with 14-towered walls and oil presses.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Dabbs Wadi Rock Engraving Panel 12
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Dabbs Wadi Rock Engraving Panel 12 in Northern, Dabbs Wadi, Sudan is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ephesus — Terrace House 2 Peristyle Court East
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Ephesus — Terrace House 2 Peristyle Court East in İzmir, Selçuk, Ephesus, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to …
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Mididi
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman
Byzacena civitas with Antonine arch and Saturn sanctuary (200 stelae).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Troy (Hisarlik)
Early Bronze Age to Byzantine (Troy I c.3000 BCE – Troy IX 85 CE–500 CE) · Anatolian / Mycenaean-associated / Greek / Roman
Mound of Hisarlik with 9 settlement layers Troy I–IX (3000 BCE–500 CE) plus Homeric epic city Troy VI/VII.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Bilsk Hillfort – Gelonus
Early Iron Age, Scythian period · Scythian-agrarian (Budini, possibly Geloni Greeks per Herodotus)
4,400-ha 7th-c. BCE Scythian mega-hillfort—largest in Europe, Herodotus's wooden Gelonus candidate.
🇬🇷 Greece · Hydraulic works
Perachora Peninsula Hydraulic Aqueduct (Lechaion to Heraion)
Archaic to Hellenistic · Corinthian Greek
Perachora peninsula (45 m, 38°01′48″N 22°57′00″E 38.03,22.95) Classical to Hellenistic gravity aqueduct (5.2 km) tapping Penteskouphia springs behind Acrocorinth to supply Heraion of Perachora…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Fortress
Berkut-Kala
Kushan (100 BCE–300 CE) → Afrighid Khwarazm (400–800 CE) → abandon desertification · Khwarazmian (Kushan–Afrighid) with Bactrian influence
Kushan–Afrighid desert fortress town (c.100 BCE–800 CE) in the Berkut-Kala oasis on the northern Amu Darya delta near Ellikkala — 8 ha square fortified palace with 2 km wall (Afrighid Khwarazmian)…
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Akrotiri West House Annex Theran — Northern Annex
Late Minoan (1700-1500 BCE) · Minoan
Akrotiri West House Annex Theran — Northern Annex in Cyclades, Santorini, Greece is a Late Minoan (1700-1500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Minoan.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Tegdaoust (Aoudaghost)
Medieval Ghana Empire (Wagadu) / Almoravid (7th–17th c; peak 10th–13th c) · Soninke (Wagadu) / Sanhaja Berber
12 ha stone citadel identified as Ghana Empire's gold entrepôt Awdaghust with Tagant artisan quarters and central mosque.
🇲🇩 Moldova · Ancient city
Petreni Cucuteni-Trypillia Mega-Settlement
Chalcolithic (4000–3600 BCE, Cucuteni A–B) · Cucuteni-Trypillia
Moldovan mega-settlement of Cucuteni A–B / Trypillia BII, 30–35 ha, c.4000–3600 BCE, with ca. 500 houses in oval ring and two mega-structures.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Choquequirao
Inca Imperial 1450–1530 Neo-Inca to 1572 · Inca (Pachacuti? Topa Yupanqui)
Inca cloud-city with white stone llamas paving terraces above Apurimac canyon.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uzappa
Roman (1st–7th c. CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Colonia with circus and amphitheatre on imperial saltus.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Achil Complex
Late Intermediate 1100–1470 CE Chachapoya · Chachapoyas
Remote fortified town on Achil ridge between Utcubamba and Huabayacu tributaries of Marañón: 60 circular houses, watchtower 8 m diameter on ridge apex, and 150 m defensive wall with parapet.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Ouadane — Chinguetti-Linked Caravan Ksar
Medieval Almoravid foundation 1147 CE, gold-salt era · Berber Almoravid → Mali gold trade
Ouadane 1147 Almoravid ksar, caravan to Chinguetti 100 km.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Temple of Artemis at Kyzicos? Actually Temple of Hadrian (Hadrian Temple) at Kyzikos, Erdek
Roman Imperial (Hadrianic) · Roman Mysia (Kyzikos neocorate)
Hadrian's isthmus temple 50×92 m colossus on Kapıdağ isthmus, largest Marmara temple.