🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Tahat — Aghram Nadharif Fortified Granary Peak
Garamantian (200 BCE–300 CE) · Garamantian highland granary
Tahat granary surveyed by Liverani 2000s, Garamantian high storage.
🇵🇪 Peru · Megalith
Sacsayhuamán
Inca Imperial, 15th century; possibly Killke antecedents · Inca
Cyclopean fortress-temple complex 2 km northwest of Cusco with three zigzagging dry-stone ramparts of limestone blocks up to 120 tonnes and 9 m high, fitted without mortar with sub-millimeter…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Bagras
Bagras or Baghrās, ancient Pagrae (Greek: Πάγραι; Armenian: Պաղրաս, romanized: Paġras), is a ruined medieval castle in the İskenderun district of Turkey, in the Amanus Mountains.
🇬🇷 Greece · Fortress
Castle of Chios
The Castle of Chios is a medieval citadel in Chios town on the Greek island of Chios.
Mandatory Palestine · Fortress
Jiddin
Jiddin (Arabic: جدين), also known as the Jiddin Fortress (Arabic: قلعة جدين, romanized: Qalʾat Jiddīn) or Khirbet Jiddin (Arabic: خربة جدين, lit.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Fortress
Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock (Arabic: قبة الصخرة, romanized: Qubbat aṣ-Ṣaḫra) is an octagonal Islamic shrine at the center of the Al-Aqsa mosque compound on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Alte Burg (Bad Münstereifel)
The Alte Burg (also Alte Burg im Quecken or Alte Burg "am Quecken") in Bad Münstereifel, Germany, is a circular rampart that is the remains of a fortification from the Carolingian period.
🇮🇱 Israel · Fortress
Beit She'an
Beit She'an (Hebrew: בֵּית שְׁאָן ), also known as Beisan (Arabic: بيسان ), or Beth-shean, is a city in the Northern District of Israel.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Fortress
Citadel of Erbil
The Citadel of Erbil (Kurdish: قەڵای هەولێر Qelay Hewlêr, Arabic: قلعة اربيل, romanized: Qal'at Erbīl), locally called Qellat, is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of Erbil in…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Fortress
Beaufort Castle, Lebanon
Beaufort or Belfort Castle, known locally as Qal'at al-Shaqif (Arabic: قلعة الشقيف, romanized: Qalʿat al-Shaqīf, lit.
🇷🇸 Serbia · Fortress
Belgrade Fortress
The Belgrade Fortress (Serbian: Београдска тврђава, Beogradska tvrđava, Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár) is a cultural monument in Belgrade, Serbia in the municipality of Stari Grad.
🇰🇵 North Korea · Fortress
Chongbang Fortress
Jŏngbang Castle (Korean: 정방산성) is a Koguryo-era mountain fortress located outside Sariwŏn, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea. Cresting the ridges of Mt.
🇷🇴 Romania · Fortress
Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains
Built in murus dacicus style, the six Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains (Romanian: Cetăți dacice din Munții Orăștiei), in Romania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Muṣaṣir (Mudjesir)
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) · Hurro-Urartian
Iron Age (1000–714 BCE) ancient-city of Hurro-Urartian in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Sidekan (c.1000 BCE).
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Artaxata
Artashat (Armenian: Արտաշատ), Hellenized as Artaxata (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτάξατα) and Artaxiasata (Ἀρταξιάσατα), was a major city and commercial center of ancient Armenia that served as the capital of…
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Waqrapukara
Late Intermediate – Inca (c.1100–1532 CE) · Kana – Colla – Wari – Inca
Waqrapukara (Quechua waqra horn + pukara fortress) is a spectacular condor-shaped citadel perched at 4,110 m on the Apurímac canyon rim near Pomacanchi, Cusco.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Quiahuiztlan
Postclassic (c.1200–1519 CE) Totonac – Aztec contested · Totonac
Quiahuiztlan crowns the dramatic Cerro del Bernal ridge above Villa Rica–La Antigua, north of Veracruz city.
🇪🇸 Spain · Fortress
Castle of Bullas
The castle of Bullas is a castle located in Peña Rubia de Cehegín, Bullas, Murcia. Of muslim origin, it was built between the XII and XIII centuries, before the Castillian conquest.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Sēlpils
Late Iron Age Selian 9th–13th c Selonia (Baltic) Livonian horizon · Selian Baltic (Sēļi) — Selonia tribe between Latgals and Semigals
Sēlpils (Selburg, Selian *Sēlija*) — Selian tribal hillfort (Late Iron Age 9th–13th c, Livonian 1208 burning, Order stone castle 1373) on Daugava right bank 15 km south Jēkabpils opposite Staburags…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortified city
Anavarza (Anazarbus) and Castle
Hellenistic to medieval (c.100 BCE–1375 CE) · Cappadocian → Roman → Byzantine → Armenian → Mamluk
Cilician metropolis beneath triple-ward Armenian castle on limestone ridge with stadium and triumphal arch.
🇮🇹 Italy · Fortress
Castello di Punta Pagana
The Castello di Punta Pagana is a 17th-century fort located on the homonymous Punta Pagana, within the grounds of Villa Pagana in Rapallo, within the Metropolitan City of Genoa in Italy.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Argištiḫinili
Argištiḫinili (Urartian: ar-gi-iš-ti-ḫi-ni-li) was a town in the ancient kingdom of Urartu, established during the expansion of the Urartians in the Transcaucasus under their king Argishti I, and…